Main Ref. | Schneider, W., 1990 |
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Remarks | Usually inhabits sandy seabeds of coastal areas. Feeds by shattering shells of gastropods and bivalves using their front teeth with powerful jaws (Ref. 127613). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; |
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Substrate Ref. | Üstüner, H., M. Gökoğlu, E.K. Çetin, D. Yılmaz, B. Sarıgöl and H. Özcan, 2018 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
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Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.51 | 0.09 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. | ||
From individual food items | 3.54 | 0.38 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Cardinale, M., F. Colloca and G.D. Ardizzone, 1997 |