Grammonus thielei Nielsen & Cohen, 2004
Grammonus thielei
photo by Thiele, W.

Family:  Bythitidae (Livebearing brotulas)
Max. size:  18 cm TL (male/unsexed); 15 cm TL (female)
Environment:  benthopelagic; marine; depth range 2 - 25 m
Distribution:  Western Pacific: Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Diagnosis:  Dorsal soft rays (total): 66-66; Anal soft rays: 41-41. Diagnosis: Fin rays in dorsal 66; anal 41; pectoral 21. Vertebrae 11 + 27 (ural elements counted as 1). Head length 33% SL. One large lateral line pore (equal to posterior supraorbital pore) near angle of opercle. The caudal fin is free of the dorsal and anal fins (Ref. 56143).
Biology:  Observed in limestone caves and sinkholes which are probably connected at depths between 2 and 30 meters; often in lightless chambers without current, few are found at the entrance of caves where they hide beneath rock ledges. No reaction to torchlight was shown and escape distance was only about 2 centimeters; mostly were seen motionless, with only a slight movement of the fins maintaining the fishes' position (Ref. 56143).
IUCN Red List Status: Data deficient (DD); Date assessed: 16 August 2019 Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  harmless


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