Pterois miles (Bennett, 1828)
Devil firefish
Pterois miles
photo by Patzner, R.

Family:  Scorpaenidae (Scorpionfishes or rockfishes), subfamily: Pteroinae
Max. size:  43 cm TL (male/unsexed); max.weight: 787.8 g
Environment:  reef-associated; marine; depth range 0 - 85 m
Distribution:  Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf (Ref.80050) and Red Sea south to Port Alfred, South Africa and east to Sumatra, Indonesia (Ref. 33390). Atlantic Ocean. Also known in eastern Mediterranean (Ref. 37421).
Diagnosis:  Dorsal spines (total): 13-13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9-11; Anal spines: 3-3; Anal soft rays: 6-7. Reddish to tan or grey in color, with numerous thin dark bars on body and head; tentacle above eye may be faintly banded (Ref. 4313). Adults have a band of small spines along the cheek and small spots in the median fins (Ref. 48635). Description: Characterized by having each dorsal spine free of membrane except basally; enlarged and wing-like pectoral fins with rays free of membrane on outer one-half to three-fourths, all rays unbranched; body depth 2.7-2.9 in SL (Ref. 90102).
Biology:  Adults are found in coastal waters in muddy habitats (Ref. 48635). Minimum depth of 0m (Ref. 81209). Fin spines highly venomous, may cause human death (Ref. 30573).
IUCN Red List Status: Least Concern (LC); Date assessed: 20 June 2017 Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  venomous


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