Main Ref: | Sandknop, E.M. and W. Watson 1996 |
min | max | mod | Ref. | |
Length at birth (mm) | 3 | |||
Preanal L. % TL |
Place of development | planktonic | |||
Larval area | California Current region | |||
Yolk-sac | Ref: | |||
Yolk | Oil globules | |||
Rows on tail | no rows | |||
Other melanophores on tail | tail with single melanophore | |||
Melanophores on head + trunk | no melanophores on head or trunk | |||
Pigmentation: few on pectoral finfold. |
Striking feature | none | |||
Striking shape lateral | normal (not striking) | dorsal | ||
Striking feature | none | |||
Shape of gut | triangular | |||
Gas bladder early | pigmented | late | ||
Spinal armature early | late | |||
Pigmentation early | ||||
Rows on tail | ventral row | |||
Other melanophores on tail | no other melanophores | |||
Melanophores on head + trunk | melanophores on head + trunk | |||
Pigmentation late | ||||
Rows on tail | no rows | |||
Other melanophores on tail | one dorso-ventral cluster or band | |||
Melanophores on head + trunk | melanophores on head + trunk | |||
Pectorals | strikingly large with rows of melanophores | |||
Pelvics | normal (i.e. small or absent) with melanophores | |||
Myomeres 6-10+1-23=26-29 (usually 7-9+19-21=28 through flexion stage, 10+18 in postflexion stage); preopercular, opercular and posttemporal spines form during flexion stage, frontal, pterotic and nasal spines form early in postflexion stage; eyes become relatively small; large pigmented pectoral fins and pelvic fins. Pigmentation: Preflexion: internally under mid- and hindbrain; spreading upward on hindbrain after 4.2 mm; dorsolaterally posteriorly on midbrain by 6.2-7.8 mm; on gas bladder and upper half of gut; few around notochord tip by 4.9 mm; along ventral margin of tail by 6.2 mm; on dorsal margin near insertion of dorsal anlage by 7.8 mm; on pelvic fins by 6.2 mm. Flexion-postflexion: dorsally on hindbrain and internally near posterior margin of eye by 8.5 mm, increases on brain; increases and spreads ventrad on gut; spreads cephalad and caudad on dorsal margin; laterally on dorsal and anal fin bases by 10.5 mm; laterally on last few myomeres after 14 mm; primarily proximally on caudal fin. Transformation: becoming heavy on lower half of head; heavy on trunk, spreading caudad. Sequence of fin development: pelvics, pectorals, caudal and dorsal, anal. |
min | max | mod | Ref. | |
Total number of myomeres | 26 | 29 | 36655 |
L 1st feeding | Ref. | Months of presence of larvae | ||||
max | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | ||
min | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | ||
mod | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Water parameters Metric characters |