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Acanthostracion quadricornis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Scrawled cowfish
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Acanthostracion quadricornis   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Acanthostracion quadricornis (Scrawled cowfish)
Acanthostracion quadricornis
Picture by Pialek, L.

Brazil country information

Common names: Baiacu-caixão, Baiacú-chifrudo, Baiacu-de-chifre
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: occasional (usually not seen) | Ref: Feitoza, B.M., R.S. Rosa and L.A. Rocha, 2005
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: live export: yes;
Comments: Reported from AMAPÁ (Ref. 57756) south to Santa Catarina (Ref. 37521). Between 1995 and 2000, at least 4 specimens have been traded as aquarium fish at Fortaleza, Ceará (Ref. 49392). Also Ref. 7251, 57756.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/br.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Figueiredo, J.L. and N.A. Menezes, 2000
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Cowfish, Torito cornudo, Cofre, ... more

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Tetraodontiformes (Puffers and filefishes) > Ostraciidae (Boxfishes)
Etymology: Acanthostracion: Greek, akantha = thorn + Greek, ostrakon = shell (Ref. 45335);  quadricornis: Specific name refers to the 2 pairs of horns ('quadricornis' = 4 horns), in front of the eyes and a second pair at the lower rear corners of the cuirass..
  More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 1 - 80 m (Ref. 26938), usually 10 - 30 m (Ref. 40849).    ; 43°N - 39°S, 100°W - 26°E

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Atlantic Ocean: in tropical and temperate waters (Ref. 3696). Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (USA), Bermuda, and northern Gulf of Mexico to southeastern Brazil. Reported from tip of South Africa.

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm 22.2, range 17 - ? cm
Max length : 55.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6937); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3696)

簡短描述 檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 10; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 10. Dark markings on head and body; parallel bands on cheek. Pair of prominent spines projecting from in front of eyes suggests cow horns. Second pair of spines at lower rear corners of cuirass (Ref. 26938). Body deep, covered with hexagonal dermal plates (Ref. 37521).

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Found in shallow water down to about 80 m, mainly in seagrass beds (Ref. 3696). Feeds on sessile invertebrates such as tunicates, gorgonians and anemones, as well as on slow-moving crustaceans, sponges (Ref. 3696), hermit crabs and marine plants (Ref. 13442). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Considered an excellent food fish; marketed fresh (Ref. 3696).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚


主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 : Matsuura, Keiichi | 合作者

Smith, M.M., 1986. Ostraciidae. p. 890-893. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3141)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

  無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 07 June 2011

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

  (Ref. 30303)




人類使用

漁業: 低經濟; 水族館: 商業性
FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 22.3 - 28, mean 25.4 (based on 458 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5625   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03981 (0.02306 - 0.06873), b=2.70 (2.54 - 2.86), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  2.7   ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Fec = 112,536).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
價格種類 (Ref. 80766):   High.