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Hipposcarus harid (Fabricius, 1775)

Candelamoa parrotfish
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Hipposcarus harid   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Indonesia country information

Common names: Kakatua
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Known from Indian Ocean coast of Sumatra and Java (Ref. 90102).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/id.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann, 2012
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Perroquet candelamoa, Indian Ocean longnose parrotfish, Perroquet candelamoa, ... more

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Scaridae (Parrotfishes) > Scarinae
Etymology: Hipposcarus: Greek, ippos = horse + Latin, scarus = a fish cited by ancient writers; 1601 (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

海洋 礁区鱼类; 非迁移的; 深度上下限 1 - 25 m (Ref. 9710).   

分布 国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Western Indian Ocean: Red Sea south to Mozambique Channel, including Madagascar and Seychelles and east to Sri Lanka, Maldives and the Chagos Archipelago. Occurrence in Java, Indonesia as reported by Ref. 9710 needs verification.

大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5490); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5450); 最大体重: 2.3 kg (Ref. 3488)

生物学特性     字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Inhabits coastal regions associated with coral reefs and reef flats. Forms groups consisting of a terminal phased individual and numerous individuals in the initial phase (Ref. 9710). Feeds on benthic algae (Ref. 30573). Caught with nets and other artisanal gear. Mainly sold fresh.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼

Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 : Westneat, Mark | 合作者

Bruce, R.W. and J.E. Randall, 1984. Scaridae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. (Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51). volume 3. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3488)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

  最不相关 (LC) ; Date assessed: 16 September 2009

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

 




人类利用

渔业: 商业性; 水族馆: 商业性
FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 25.2 - 29.3, mean 28.5 (based on 3110 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.7500   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.00842 - 0.02064), b=2.98 (2.85 - 3.11), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
营养阶层 (Ref. 69278):  2.0   ±0.00 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref. 120179):  低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
价格分类 (Ref. 80766):   High.