Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil, including the Caribbean Sea (Ref. 3723); absent in Bermuda. Eastern Atlantic: Cape Verde and Dakar, Senegal to Luanda, Angola (Ref. 4497).
Length at first maturity / ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
Maturity: Lm19.3  range ? - ? cm Max length : 55.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 2683); common length : 35.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 3633); ນ້ຳໜັກສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍຈັດພີມມາ: 200.00 g (Ref. 5217)
ຄີຫຼັງຂອງປາ (ຄີອ່ອນ) (ທັງໝົດ) : 13 - 14; ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ: 12 - 13. No ridge between nostril and eye (Ref. 26938).
An inshore, surface-dwelling species forming sizeable schools (Ref. 3723). Feeds mainly on sea grasses and small fishes (Ref. 3723). Mainly used as bait for offshore game fishes such as sailfishes and marlins; utilized as a food fish in the West Indies (Ref. 3723).