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Merluccius paradoxus Franca, 1960

Deep-water Cape hake
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Merluccius paradoxus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Merluccius paradoxus (Deep-water Cape hake)
Merluccius paradoxus
Picture by Bañón Díaz, R.

Namibia country information

Common names: Deepwater hake, Diepwater-stokvis, Hake
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: highly commercial | Ref: Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer and H.J. Boyer, 1999
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Ranges from Cape Frio southward (Ref. 6524, 6605). Caught with bottom trawls (Ref. 27121). Specimen(s) held at the MFMR (Ref. 27121). Also Ref. 1371, 54854.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/wa.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.benefit.org.na/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer and H.J. Boyer, 1999
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Merlu du large du Cap, Merluza de altura del Cabo, Deep water hake, ... more

Classification / Names ຊື່ສາມັນ | ຄຳສັບຄ້າຍຄືກັນ | Catalog of Fishes(ຕະກຸນ, ຊະນິດ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Gadiformes (Cods) > Merlucciidae (Merluccid hakes)
Etymology: Merluccius: Latin, mar, maris = the sea + Latin, lucius = pike (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range ນິເວດວິທະຍາ

ສັດທະເລ ກ່ຽວກັບ(ຢູ່)ຊັ້ນນ້ຳໃນທະເລທີ່ເໜີອພື້ນດິນ; ບໍ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍ; ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 200 - 1000 m (Ref. 6605), usually 400 - ? m (Ref. 58452).   Deep-water; 17°S - 38°S, 10°E - 48°E (Ref. 58452)

ການແຜ່ກະຈາຍ ປະເທດ | ເຂດ FAO | ລະບົບນິເວດ | ການປະກົດຕົວ | Point map | ການແນະນຳ | Faunafri

Southeast Atlantic: Cape Frio, Namibia south to the Agulhas Bank and east to East London in South Africa. Western Indian Ocean: Madagascar Ridge (33°S,44°E).

Length at first maturity / ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age

Maturity: Lm 47.8  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 115 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 27121); common length : 60.0 cm SL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 1371)

Short description ຕົວທີ່ໃຊ້ໃນການຈຳແນກຊະນິດ | ສະລີລະວິທະຍາ | ການວັດແທກຮູບຮ່າງລັກສະນະພາຍນອກຂອງດິນ,ສັດ,ປາ…

ຄີ (ໜາມ)ແຂງຢູ່ຫຼັງປາ (ທັງໝົດ) : 1; ຄີຫຼັງຂອງປາ (ຄີອ່ອນ) (ທັງໝົດ) : 42 - 50; ຄີ(ໜາມ) ແຂງຢູ່ຄີກົ້ນປາ ກຸ່ມປາກະດູກແຂງ ຄວາມຖີ່ຂອງກຸ່ມຖ່າຍທອດພັນ ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລໄປຫານ້ຳຈືດ ແລະນ້ຳຈືດຫາທະເລ ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລແລະໄປໄຂ່ຢູ່ນ້ຳຈືດ ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫັຼງ ການຖ່າຍທອດທາງກຳມະພັນຈາກພໍ່ແມ່ຫາລູກ: 0; ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ: 38 - 41. Body more slender than other hakes. Head large, about 25 to 30% of SL. Gill rakers short and thick with blunt tips. Pectoral fin tips reaching to level of anal fin origin. Color is steel gray on back, grading to silvery white ventrally.

ຊີວະສາດ     ຄຳແປສັບ (ຕ.ຢ. epibenthic)

Found near the bottom. Feeds on fishes, mysids, euphausiids and squids. Young feed mainly on euphausiids, but the diet becomes polyphagous with growth. Cannibalism has been observed in larger individuals (Ref. 9583).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | ການສືບພັນ | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | ຕົວອ່ອນ

Main reference Upload your references | ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | ຜູ້ປະສານງານ | ຜູ້ຮ່ວມມື

Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Not Evaluated 

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless




Human uses

ການປະມົງ: ທີ່ມີການຄ້າສູງ
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 6.2 - 12, mean 7.5 (based on 17 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00525 (0.00348 - 0.00791), b=3.09 (2.96 - 3.22), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref. 69278):  4.9   ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref. 120179):  ຕຳ່, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 4.5 - 14 ປີ (K=0.09-0.12).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High to very high vulnerability (65 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High vulnerability (55 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Medium.