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Epinephelus spilotoceps Schultz, 1953

Foursaddle grouper
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Epinephelus spilotoceps   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Epinephelus spilotoceps (Foursaddle grouper)
Epinephelus spilotoceps
Picture by Seycek, O.


Niue country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Also Ref. 4787. Museum: NMNZ P.20545.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ne.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Schultz.

Issue
Type locality: Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marinhas associadas(os) a recifes; intervalo de profundidade 0 - 30 m (Ref. 9710).   Tropical; 12°N - 24°S, 55°E - 154°W (Ref. 5222)

Distribuição Países | Áreas FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri

Indo-West-Pacific: East coast of Africa to the Line Islands. Except for its occurrence along the African coast (Zanzibar, Tanzania to Ponta Zavora, Mozambique) it seems to be primarily an insular species, occurring at most (probably all) of the islands of tropical Indian and west-central Pacific. Not known from the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Taiwan, Japan, or Australian waters (however, it is found at Rowley Shoals off Western Australia).

Length at first maturity / Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: Lm ?, range 19 - ? cm
Max length : 47.5 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 125599); peso máx. Publicado: 1.5 kg (Ref. 125599)

Descrição breve Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria

Espinhos dorsais (total) : 11; Raios dorsais moles (total) : 14 - 16; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais moles: 8. Preopercle rounded, with a shallow notch; the serrae are enlarged but covered with skin; upper edge of the operculum almost straight. The head and body mostly covered with close-set dark brown, olive, or reddish brown spots. Those on the dorsolateral parts of the head, body, and on median fins polygonal and close-set, with the interspaces forming a white reticulum. Those on the ventral portions are more rounded, more separated and often more reddish. Three dark blotches are often visible at the base of the dorsal fin and one forming a saddle blotch on the caudal peduncle. These blotches differentiates it from E. merra and E. quoyanus (Ref. 5222). Small conspicuous dark spots on snout and sometimes between or below the eyes (Ref. 37816).

Biologia     Glossário (ex. epibenthic)

Occurs in lagoon patch reefs, the upper slopes of channels, and reef margins (Ref. 1602). Carnivorous (Ref. 81697). Nothing has been published on its biology. Solitary (Ref 90102).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador | Colaboradores

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  Preocupação menor (LC) ; Date assessed: 06 November 2017

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Ameaça para o homem

  Harmless




Utilização humana

Pescarias: espécies comerciais; peixe desportivo: sim
FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

Mais informação

Trophic ecology
Itens alimentares
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Predadores
Ecology
Ecologia
Home ranges
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Frequência de comprimento
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
Reprodução
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larvas
Dinâmica larvar
Distribution
Países
Áreas FAO
Ecossistemas
Ocorrências
Introduções
BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
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Cérebros
Outras referências
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Tipo de natação
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Sons de peixes
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
Genética
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Perfis para aquacultura
Estirpes
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
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References
Referências

Ferramentas

Relatórios especiais

Descarregue XML

Fontes da internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 26.1 - 29.3, mean 28.6 (based on 1392 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00699 - 0.01802), b=3.06 (2.93 - 3.19), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278):  3.8   ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliência (Ref. 120179):  Médio, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766):   Very high.