Common names from other countries
分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水; 非產卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 189). ; 24°N - 9°S, 70°E - 118°E (Ref. 189)
Indian Ocean: India from Bombay to Calcutta, probably also Myanmar, Thailand and Malaysia. Western Central Pacific: Thailand to Java, presumably also Kalimantan). Valenciennes listed a specimen from Mahé which lies to the south of Cannanore, India but there is no such specimen in Paris.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 1 - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9822); common length : 17.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9822)
背棘 (總數): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 80. Body tapering, belly rounded before pelvic fins, with 5 or 6 (rarely 4) + 7 to 9 = 12 to 15 keeled scutes from just behind pectoral fin base to anus. Maxilla short. Pectoral fin with 6 long filaments and 9 to 11 (rarely 8) branched fin rays. Flanks and belly with golden or pearly spots (light organs) in rows below scales, also along isthmus, edge of lower jaw, on cheek and gill cover.
A coastal and estuarine species, occurring in fully saline water, but also able to tolerate lowered salinities, perhaps almost fresh water. Feeds on copepods, prawn and fish larvae, various unidentified crustaceans and cypris, also stomatopod larvae, mysids, polychaete larvae, isopods and Sagitta. The breeding season is perhaps extended; probably entering estuaries to breed (larvae about 5 km up Burhabalang estuary, Orissa, India in May and June). Utilized as a food fish (Ref. 171).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Breeding season is perhaps extended. Spawn in school (Ref. 205).
Wongratana, T., T.A. Munroe and M. Nizinski, 1999. Order Clupeiformes. Engraulidae. Anchovies. p. 1698-1753. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9822)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 09 February 2018
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
更多資訊
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工Mass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 27.6 - 29.3, mean 28.7 (based on 640 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00355 (0.00194 - 0.00650), b=3.01 (2.85 - 3.17), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.39 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (tm=0.5-0.6; K=1.07-1.54; Fec=1,000-5,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
