South Africa country information

Common names: Escolar, Skolier
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/sf.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Escolier noir, Escolar negro, Pez aceite, ... more

Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Scombriformes (Mackerels) > Gempylidae (Snake mackerels)
Etymology: Lepidocybium: Greek, lepis = scale + Greek, kybion, -ou = tunna (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ökologie

seewasser benthopelagisch; ozeanodrom (Ref. 51243); tiefenbereich 200 - 1100 m (Ref. 44037). Deep-water; 50°N - 56°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 6181)

Verbreitung Länder | FAO Gebiete | Ecosystems | Vorkommen | Point map | Einführungen | Faunafri

Tropical and temperate seas of the World, but probably not occurring in the northern Indian Ocean. Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951). Eastern Atlantic: known from 13°N off Guinea to Lobutu, Angola (Ref. 10816).

Size / Gewicht / Alter

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 6181); common length : 150 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 6181); max. veröff. Gewicht: 45.0 kg (Ref. 3403)

Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie

Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 8 - 9; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 16 - 18; Afterflossenstacheln: 1 - 2; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 12 - 14; Wirbelzahl: 31. Body almost uniformly dark brown, becoming almost black with age. Pelvic fins well developed, with I spine and 5 soft rays (Ref. 9784). Prominent lateral keel on caudal peduncle, flanked by smaller accessory keels above and below (Ref. 26938).

Occurs mainly over the continental slope, down to 200 m and more (Ref. 6181). Migrates upward at night (Ref. 6181). Feeds on squid, crustaceans and a wide variety of fishes (Ref. 6181). Flesh oily and may have purgative properties (Ref. 9784). Sometimes caught by tuna long-liners (Ref. 26938). Marketed frozen and as fish cakes in Japan (Ref. 9302).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Fortpflanzung | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Hauptreferenz Upload your references | Referenzen | Koordinator : Parin, Nikolay V. | Partner

Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes,. scabbardfishes, hairtails, and frostfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(15):136 p. (Ref. 6181)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)

nicht bedroht (LC) ; Date assessed: 22 August 2012

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

Harmless

Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: weniger kommerziell

FAO(Fischereien: production; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Ecology
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 7 - 14.4, mean 9.9 (based on 642 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00597 - 0.02312), b=2.98 (2.79 - 3.17), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.3 ±0.67 se; based on food items.

Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179): niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert 4,5 - 14 Jahre. (Assuming tm=4-5).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).

Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith, 1843)