South Africa country information

Common names: Escolar, Skolier
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/sf.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Escolier noir, Escolar negro, Pez aceite, ... more

Classification / Names Nomi Comuni | Sinonimi | Catalog of Fishes(Genere, Specie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Scombriformes (Mackerels) > Gempylidae (Snake mackerels)
Etymology: Lepidocybium: Greek, lepis = scale + Greek, kybion, -ou = tunna (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marino benthopelagico; oceanodromo (Ref. 51243); distribuzione batimetrica 200 - 1100 m (Ref. 44037). Deep-water; 50°N - 56°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 6181)

Distribuzione Stati | Aree FAO | Ecosystems | Presenze | Point map | Introduzioni | Faunafri

Tropical and temperate seas of the World, but probably not occurring in the northern Indian Ocean. Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951). Eastern Atlantic: known from 13°N off Guinea to Lobutu, Angola (Ref. 10816).

Size / Peso / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 6181); common length : 150 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 6181); peso massimo pubblicato: 45.0 kg (Ref. 3403)

Short description Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria

Spine dorsali (totale) : 8 - 9; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 16 - 18; Spine anali: 1 - 2; Raggi anali molli: 12 - 14; Vertebre: 31. Body almost uniformly dark brown, becoming almost black with age. Pelvic fins well developed, with I spine and 5 soft rays (Ref. 9784). Prominent lateral keel on caudal peduncle, flanked by smaller accessory keels above and below (Ref. 26938).

Occurs mainly over the continental slope, down to 200 m and more (Ref. 6181). Migrates upward at night (Ref. 6181). Feeds on squid, crustaceans and a wide variety of fishes (Ref. 6181). Flesh oily and may have purgative properties (Ref. 9784). Sometimes caught by tuna long-liners (Ref. 26938). Marketed frozen and as fish cakes in Japan (Ref. 9302).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve

Main reference Upload your references | Bibliografia | Coordinatore : Parin, Nikolay V. | Collaboratori

Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes,. scabbardfishes, hairtails, and frostfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(15):136 p. (Ref. 6181)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 22 August 2012

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Pesca: scarso interesse commerciale

FAO(pesca: production; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Informazioni ulteriori

Trophic ecology
Prede
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Predatori

Ecology
Ecologia
Home ranges

Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances

Life cycle
Riproduzione
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larve
Dinamica popolazioni larvali

Distribution
Stati
Aree FAO
Ecosystems
Presenze
Introduzioni
BRUVS - Videos

Anatomy
Gill areas
Cervelli
Otoliths

Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Suoni dei Pesci
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
Genetica
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities

Human related
Aquaculture systems
Profili di acquacoltura
Varietà
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

Outreach
Collaboratori

Taxonomy
Nomi Comuni
Sinonimi
Morfologia
Morfometria
Immagini

References
Bibliografia

Strumenti

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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Summary page | Point data | Nomi Comuni | Photos

Fonti Internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 7 - 14.4, mean 9.9 (based on 642 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00597 - 0.02312), b=2.98 (2.79 - 3.17), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.3 ±0.67 se; based on food items.

Resilienza (Ref. 120179): Basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 4.5 - 14 anni (Assuming tm=4-5).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith, 1843)