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Merluccius bilinearis (Mitchill, 1814)

Silver hake
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Merluccius bilinearis   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Merluccius bilinearis (Silver hake)
Merluccius bilinearis
Picture by Flescher, D.


United States (contiguous states) country information

Common names: Atlantic hake, Hake, New England hake
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: abundant (always seen in some numbers) | Ref: Frimodt, C., 1995
Importance: commercial | Ref: FAO, 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Present in Middle Atlantic, Southern New England Georges Bank, Gulf of Maine, Scotian Shelf,, and inshore norths of Cape Hatteras (Ref. 37512). Also Ref. 58452.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Classification / Names Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Gadiformes (Cods) > Merlucciidae (Merluccid hakes)
Etymology: Merluccius: Latin, mar, maris = the sea + Latin, lucius = pike (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Mitchill.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

marina bottenlevande; havsvandrande (Ref. 51243); djupintervall 55 - 914 m (Ref. 58452).   Temperate; 55°N - 24°N, 80°W - 42°W (Ref. 54581)

Utbredning Länder | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Point map | Utplanteringar | Faunafri

Northwest Atlantic: coast of Canada and USA from Bell Isle Channel to the Bahamas; most common from southern Newfoundland to South Carolina.

Length at first maturity / Size / Vikt / Age

Maturity: Lm 23.2  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 76.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 1371); common length : 37.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 1371); common length :65 cm TL (female); publicerad maxvikt: 2.3 kg (Ref. 1371); rapporterad maxålder: 12 år (Ref. 1371)

Short description Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri

Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 1; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 47 - 54; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 37 - 41. Head large, about 30% of SL . Pectoral fins long, reaching origin of anal fin. Overall color is silvery, somewhat brownish on back, whitish on belly.

Biologi     Ordlista (t.ex. epibenthic)

Abundant on sandy grounds and strays into shallower waters. A voracious predator with cannibalistic habits. Individuals over 40 cm TL prey on fishes such as gadoids and herring, while smaller ones feed on crustaceans, i.e. euphausiids and pandalids; food also includes gaspereau, myctophids, smelt, silversides, mackerel, sand lance, butterfish, snakeblennies, longhorn sculpins and squids (Ref. 5951). The smallest specimen feeds mostly on crustaceans (Ref. 58452). Exhibits seasonal onshore-offshore migration (Ref. 9988). Spawning takes place from June-July in the mid-Atlantic region; July-August in the Gulf of Maine and to the north of Georges Bank, and August-September on the Scotian Shelf (Ref. 58452). Marketed fresh, smoked and frozen; fresh fish are exported to European markets; eaten fried, broiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver

Spawning appears to be strongly influenced by water temperature, and annual variations occur both in the peak and the range of the spawning period, which may influence considerably the growth of juveniles.

Main reference Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator | Medarbetare

Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Near Threatened (NT) ; Date assessed: 06 January 2015

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless




Human uses

Fiskeri: kommersiellt viktig
FAO(fiskeri: produktion, species profile; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Ytterligare information

Ecology
Ekologi
Home ranges
Life cycle
Reproduktion
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larver
Larvdynamik
Distribution
Länder
FAO områden
Ekosystem
Förekomster
Utplanteringar
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Anatomy
Gill areas
Hjärnstorlek
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Fiskljud
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
Genetik
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Vattenbruksprofiler
Avelslinjer
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
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References
referenser

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 0.9 - 7.8, mean 4.9 (based on 155 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00479 (0.00400 - 0.00573), b=3.11 (3.06 - 3.16), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278):  4.5   ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliens (Ref. 120179):  Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (K=0.18-0.4;tm=2-3; tmax=12).
Prior r = 0.26, 95% CL = 0.17 - 0.39, Based on 3 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Low.