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Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius, 1810

Pacific cod
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Gadus macrocephalus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Gadus macrocephalus (Pacific cod)
Gadus macrocephalus
Picture by Orlov, A.

Alaska country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: Armstrong, R.H., 1996
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Ranges from the Bering Strait, along the Commander and Aleutian Is. to southeastern Alaska (Ref. 1371, 6793), including Norton Sound and St. Lawrence I. (Ref. 27547). Found mostly between 100 and 400 m in the Gulf of Alaska (Ref. 1371). Also Ref. 6876, 6885, 11366, 27436, 27547, 28499, 121277.
National Checklist:
Country Information:
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.state.ak.us/local/akpages/FISH.GAME/adfghome.htm
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Morue du Pacifique, Morue ogac, Bacalao de Groenlandia, ... more

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Gadiformes (Cods) > Gadidae (Cods and haddocks)
Etymology: Gadus: Latin, gadus = a fish, cod? (Ref. 45335);  macrocephalus: macrocephalus meaning large head (Ref. 6885).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - 1280 m (Ref. 50550), usually 100 - 400 m (Ref. 54440).    6°C - 9°C (Ref. 11800); 63°N - 31°N, 119°E - 119°W (Ref. 54440)

分布 国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Arctic: Chukchi and Beaufort Seas eastward across Arctic Canada to western Greenland; south in the Atlantic Ocean to Gulf of St. Lawrence. Pacific Ocean: eastern Pacific to southern California at Santa Monica, and in the western Pacific to the Yellow Sea.

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: Lm 66.6, range 23 - 85 cm
Max length : 119 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); 最大体重: 22.7 kg (Ref. 27436); 最大年龄: 25 年 (Ref. 55701)

简单描述 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 37-57; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 31 - 42; 脊椎骨: 49 - 55. Distinguished by the presence of 3 dorsal and 2 anal fins, a long chin barbel (about 3/4 as long as the eye diameter in young, longer than eye diameter in adults), and a space between the second and third dorsal fins that is shorter than the eye diameter (Ref. 27547). Lateral line with a prominent arch under the 1st and 2nd dorsal fins, is straight toward the tail, ending under the 3rd dorsal (Ref. 27547). Brown or gray dorsally, becoming paler ventrally; dark spots or vermiculating patterns on the sides (Ref.1371). Yellow color phases are known (Ref. 27547). Fins dusky; dorsal, anal and caudal fins with white edges that are wider on anal and caudal than on dorsal (Ref. 27547).

生物学特性     字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Found mainly along the continental shelf and upper slopes (Ref. 1371). Form schools (Ref. 9988). They appear to be indiscriminate predators upon dominant food organisms present (Ref. 1371). Young probably feed on copepods and similar organisms (Ref. 27547). Adults feed on fishes, octopi, and large benthic and benthopelagic crustaceans (Ref. 1371); also worms. Parasites of the species include sealworm (Phocanema decipiens) in flesh, copepod (Lernaeocera branchialis) on gills and cestode (Pyramicocephalus phocarum) in the intestine (Ref. 5951). Marketed fresh and frozen for human consumption (Ref. 2850), and also dried or salted and smoked (Ref. 9988). Eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, micro-waved and baked (Ref. 9988). Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166). Minimum depth from Ref. 054440.

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

From late summer to mid-winter, fish move into the deeper water (100 to 250 m) of spawning areas; move inshore to depths of 30 to 60 m after spawning (Ref. 27547). Spawning occurs once a year (Ref. 120291).

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

  不评价 

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

 




人类利用

渔业: 高经济性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
FAO(渔业: 产生, 物种外形; publication : search) | FishSource | 周边海洋

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 0.5 - 6.4, mean 2.9 (based on 495 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.6250   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00627 - 0.00837), b=3.10 (3.06 - 3.14), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
营养阶层 (Ref. 69278):  4.2   ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref. 120179):  低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Musick et al. 2000 (Ref. 36717); tmax=25; tm=3-8; K=0.11-0.27; Fec >1million).
Prior r = 0.34, 95% CL = 0.22 - 0.51, Based on 7 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).
价格分类 (Ref. 80766):   Low.