| Key to the species of Epinephelus occurring in the Western Central Atlantic. |
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| Heemstra, P.C., W.D. Anderson and P.S. Lobel 2003. Serranidae. Groupers (seabasses, creolefish, coney, hinds, hamlets, anthiines, and soapfishes). p. 1308-1369. In K.E. Carpenter (ed.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 2: Bony fishes part 1 (Acipenseridae to Grammatidae). Ref No [51229] Key No. [1008] |