| Main Ref. | Paulin, C. and C. Roberts, 1992 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | |
| Remarks |
| Striking features | |
| Body shape lateral | |
| Cross section | |
| Dorsal head profile | |
| Type of eyes | |
| Type of mouth/snout | |
| Position of mouth | |
| Type of scales | |
| Diagnosis |
Uniformly dark brown or black with irregular markings on head and operculum and a conspicuous white semi-circular marking on shoulder at base of pectoral fin. Larger individuals mottled with irregular blotches on head and body. Pectoral, pelvic and anal fins becoming paler distally. |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | 55 - 65 |
| Pored lateral line scales | |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | |
| Scale rows below lateral line | |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | 10 - 10 |
| on upper limb | 2 - 3 |
| total | |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | |
| total |
| Attributes | |
| Fins number | 2 |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal 0 - 0 |
| Ventral 0 - 0 | |
| Spines total | 6 - 7 |
| Soft-rays total | |
| Adipose fin | absent |
| Attributes | more or less truncate; more or less normal |
| Fins number | 1 |
| Spines total | 1 - 1 |
| Soft-rays total | 10 - 10 |
| Pectoral | Attributes |
| Spines 0 | |
| Soft-rays 19 - 21 | |
| Pelvics | Attributes |
| Position | |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays |