| Main Ref. | Ng, H.H. and P.K.L. Ng, 1998 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | |
| Remarks |
| Striking features | |
| Body shape lateral | elongated |
| Cross section | |
| Dorsal head profile | |
| Type of eyes | |
| Type of mouth/snout | |
| Position of mouth | |
| Type of scales | |
| Diagnosis |
Differentiated from all its congeners by its distinctively humped head (versus absence of a hump) and fewer serrae on the posterior edges of pectoral spine and articulated segments in mature males (3 serrae on spine and 2 or 3 on articulated segments versus 3 to 8 serrae on spine and 3-6 on articulated segments). |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | |
| Pored lateral line scales | |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | |
| Scale rows below lateral line | |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | |
| on upper limb | |
| total | 2 - 4 |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | |
| total | 49 - 51 |
| Attributes | |
| Fins number | |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal 0 - 0 |
| Ventral 0 - 0 | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total | 4 - 4 |
| Adipose fin | absent |
| Attributes |
| Fins number | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total | 47 - 54 |
| Pectoral | Attributes |
| Spines 1 | |
| Soft-rays 9 - 10 | |
| Pelvics | Attributes |
| Position | |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays 7 - 7 |