Morphology Data of Oreochromis niloticus
Identification keys
Abnormalities
Main Ref. Trewavas, E., 1983
Appearance refers to Male; Female
Bones in OsteoBase

Sex attributes

Specialized organs no special organs
Different appearance males alike females
Different colors different colors in juveniles and adults
Remarks

Descriptive characteristics of juvenile and adult

Striking features none
Body shape lateral fusiform / normal
Cross section compressed
Dorsal head profile more or less straight
Type of eyes more or less normal
Type of mouth/snout more or less normal
Position of mouth terminal
Type of scales cycloid scales
Diagnosis

Diagnosis: pharyngeal teeth fine and rather crowded; lower dentigerous area with more rounded lobes than in other subspecies; pectoral fin length less than 37% standard length (Ref. 2). Possession of mtDNA cleavage phenotypes BclI-B, HhaI-D, MboI-A and MboII-E (Ref. 27554).

Description: sometimes with only 4 lateral-line openings in the preorbital bone on one or both sides; teeth in 3-4 series, sometimes part of a fifth, with rather slender shafts; micro-branchiospines present on outer sides of second to fourth arches; scales in 2-3 rows on cheek; genital papilla of male conical or with a terminal notch (Ref. 2).

Coloration: recently preserved specimens dark, the dark spots on the scales becoming smaller towards the ventral surface; vertical series of dark spots on the caudal are present but less regular than in O. n. niloticus (Ref. 2). Mature males: anal fin is black between rays; dorsal fin grey with series of black spots on the soft part and posterior part of spinous dorsal fin; lappets with black edge (Ref. 2). Females and young: melanin more diffuse (Ref. 2).

Ease of Identification

Meristic characteristics of Oreochromis niloticus

Lateral Lines 2 Interrupted: No
Scales on lateral line 30 - 33
Pored lateral line scales
Scales in lateral series
Scale rows above lateral line 4 - 4.5
Scale rows below lateral line
Scales around caudal peduncle
Barbels 0
Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) absent
Gill rakers
on lower limb 18 - 23
on upper limb 2 - 3
total 20 - 26
Vertebrae
preanal
total 26 - 30

Fins

Dorsal fin(s)

Attributes extending over most of the back length
Fins number 1
Finlets No. Dorsal   0
Ventral  0
Spines total 14 - 16
Soft-rays total 11 - 13
Adipose fin absent

Caudal fin

Attributes more or less truncate; more or less normal

Anal fin(s)

Fins number 1
Spines total 3 - 3
Soft-rays total 8 - 10

Paired fins

Pectoral Attributes  more or less normal
Spines     
Soft-rays   
Pelvics Attributes  more or less normal
Position    thoracic  behind origin of D1
Spines     
Soft-rays   
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