Family Synodontidae - Lizardfishes | ||||
Order | : | Aulopiformes | ||
Class | : | Teleostei | ||
No. in FishBase | : | Genera : 4 | Species : 81 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes | ||
Environment | : | Fresh : No | Brackish : Yes | Marine : Yes | ||
Division | : | Marine | ||
Aquarium | : | none | ||
First Fossil Record | : | upper Tertiary Miocene | Ref. Berg, L.S. 1958 | |
Remark | : | Chiefly marine; rarely brackish. Distribution: Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. Supramaxilla small, if present. Branchiostegal rays 8-26. Vertebrae 39-67. Non-hermaphroditic, except in the monoecious Bathysaurus. Small cylindrical fishes with spineless fins and large mouth full of slender sharp teeth, even on tongue. Voracious predators of small fishes. | ||
Etymology | : | Greek, syn, sym = all together, united + Greek, odous = teeth ( Ref. 45335). | ||
Reproductive guild | : | nonguarders | ||
Typical activity level | : | normal | ||
Main Ref. | : | Nelson, J.S. 1994 | ||
Coordinator | : | |||
Deep Fin Classification | : | Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Osteoglossocephalai | Clupeocephala | Euteleosteomorpha | Neoteleostei | Eurypterygia | Cyclosquamata | | | | | | | Aulopiformes | Aulopoidei | | Synodontidae |
Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Synodontinae | ||||
Synodus synodus (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new | |
Esox synodus Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original | |
Saurus synodus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
Synodus fasciatus Lacepède, 1803 | synonym | junior | original | |
Saurus meleagrides Valenciennes, 1834 | synonym | junior | original | |
Synodus meleagrides (Valenciennes, 1834) | synonym | junior | new | |
! Saurus meleagris Valenciennes, 1850 | ambiguous | questionable | original | |
Saurus atlanticus Johnson, 1863 | synonym | junior | original | |
Synodus atlanticus (Johnson, 1863) | synonym | junior | new | |
Synodus synodus atlanticus (Johnson, 1863) | synonym | junior | new | |
Synodus nicholsi Breder, 1927 | synonym | junior | original | |
! Saurus varius (non Lacepède, 1803) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Saurida gracilis (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Saurida nebulosa (non Valenciennes, 1850) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Synodus saurus (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new | |
Salmo saurus Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original | |
Osmerus saurus (Linnaeus, 1758) | ambiguous | homonym | new | |
Saurus saurus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
Tirus marmoratus Rafinesque, 1810 | synonym | junior | original | |
Osmerus fasciatus Risso, 1810 | synonym | junior | original | |
Saurus fasciatus (Risso, 1810) | synonym | junior | new | |
Stolephorus risso Risso, 1810 | synonym | junior | original | |
Alpismaris risso (Risso, 1810) | synonym | junior | new | |
Saurus vulgaris Cloquet, 1827 | synonym | junior | original | |
Saurus griseus Lowe, 1838 | synonym | junior | original | |
Laurida mediterranea Swainson, 1838 | synonym | junior | original | |
Saurus trivirgatus Valenciennes, 1839 | synonym | junior | original | |
Synodus cinereus Hildebrand, 1948 | synonym | junior | original | |
Synodus foetens (non Linnaeus, 1766) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Aulopus filamentosus (non Bloch, 1792) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Trachinocephalus myops (non Forster, 1801) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Saurus lacerta (non Risso, 1827) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Synodus lacerta (non Risso, 1827) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Synodus foetens (Linnaeus, 1766) | accepted | senior | new | |
Salmo foetens Linnaeus, 1766 | synonym | senior | original | |
Synodus variegatus (Lacepède, 1803) | accepted | senior | new | |
Salmo variegatus Lacepède, 1803 | synonym | senior | original | |
Saurus variegatus (Lacepède, 1803) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Synodus variegates (Lacepède, 1803) | synonym | senior | new | |
Salmo varius Lacepède, 1803 | synonym | junior | original | |
Synodus varius (Lacepède, 1803) | synonym | junior | new | |
Saurida rubrotaeniata Liénard, 1891 | synonym | junior | original | |
Synodus houlti McCulloch, 1921 | synonym | junior | original | |
Synodus englemani Schultz, 1953 | synonym | junior | original | |
Saurus englemani (Schultz, 1953) | synonym | junior | new | |
! Synodus engelmani Schultz, 1953 | synonym | junior | original | |
! Synodus englamani Schultz, 1953 | synonym | junior | original | |
Saurus synodus (non Linnaeus, 1758) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
! Saurus cynodus (non Linnaeus, 1758) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Synodus indicus (non Day, 1873) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Synodus ulae (non Schultz, 1953) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Synodus intermedius (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) | accepted | senior | new | |
Saurus intermedius Spix & Agassiz, 1829 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Synodus intermidius (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) | synonym | senior | new | |
Synodus lucioceps (Ayres, 1855) | accepted | senior | new | |
Saurus lucioceps Ayres, 1855 | synonym | senior | original | |
Synodus indicus (Day, 1873) | accepted | senior | new | |
Saurus indicus Day, 1873 | synonym | senior | original | |
Synodus dietrichi Kotthaus, 1967 | synonym | junior | original | |
Synodus kaianus (Günther, 1880) | accepted | senior | new | |
Saurus kaianus Günther, 1880 | synonym | senior | original | |
Synodus scituliceps Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus poeyi Jordan, 1887 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus evermanni Jordan & Bollman, 1890 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus lacertinus Gilbert, 1890 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus sageneus Waite, 1905 | accepted | senior | original | |
Xystodus banfieldi Ogilby, 1910 | synonym | junior | original | |
Synodus dermatogenys Fowler, 1912 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Synodus dermatogennis Fowler, 1912 | synonym | senior | original | |
Synodus amaranthus Waples & Randall, 1989 | synonym | junior | original | |
Synodus variegatus (non Lacepède, 1803) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Synodus varius (non Lacepède, 1803) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Synodus fuscus Tanaka, 1917 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus hoshinonis Tanaka, 1917 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus macrops Tanaka, 1917 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus similis McCulloch, 1921 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus bondi Fowler, 1939 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus marchenae Hildebrand, 1946 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus sechurae Hildebrand, 1946 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus binotatus Schultz, 1953 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus ulae Schultz, 1953 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus capricornis Cressey & Randall, 1978 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus doaki Russell & Cressey, 1979 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus jaculum Russell & Cressey, 1979 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus rubromarmoratus Russell & Cressey, 1979 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus gibbsi Cressey, 1981 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus macrocephalus Cressey, 1981 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus cresseyi Prokofiev, 2008 | synonym | junior | original | |
Synodus oculeus Cressey, 1981 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus randalli Cressey, 1981 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus tectus Cressey, 1981 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus usitatus Cressey, 1981 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus falcatus Waples & Randall, 1989 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus janus Waples & Randall, 1989 | synonym | junior | original | |
Synodus varius (non Lacepède, 1803) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Synodus ulae (non Schultz, 1953) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Synodus lobeli Waples & Randall, 1989 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus varius (non Lacepède, 1803) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Synodus taiwanensis Chen, Ho & Shao, 2007 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus mascarensis Prokofiev, 2008 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus orientalis Randall & Pyle, 2008 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus fasciapelvicus Randall, 2009 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus isolatus Randall, 2009 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus doaki (non Russell & Cressey, 1979) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Synodus mundyi Randall, 2009 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus pylei Randall, 2009 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus sanguineus Randall, 2009 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus vityazi Ho, Prokofiev & Shao, 2010 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus cresseyi (non Prokofiev, 2008) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Synodus macrostigmus Frable, Luther & Baldwin, 2013 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus pacificus Ho, Chen & Shao, 2016 | accepted | senior | original | |
Synodus nigrotaeniatus Allen, Erdmann & Peristiwady, 2017 | accepted | senior | original | |
Trachinocephalus myops (Forster, 1801) | accepted | senior | new | |
Salmo myops Forster, 1801 | synonym | senior | original | |
Saurus myops (Forster, 1801) | synonym | senior | new | |
Synodus myops (Forster, 1801) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Trachicephalus myops (Forster, 1801) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Trachynocephalus myops (Forster, 1801) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Trichinocephalus myops (Forster, 1801) | synonym | senior | new | |
Osmerus lemniscatus Lacepède, 1803 | synonym | junior | original | |
Saurus lemniscatus (Lacepède, 1803) | synonym | junior | new | |
Saurus truncatus Spix & Agassiz, 1829 | synonym | junior | original | |
Saurus limbatus Eydoux & Souleyet, 1850 | synonym | junior | original | |
Trachinocephalus limbatus (Eydoux & Souleyet, 1850) | synonym | junior | new | |
Saurus brevirostris Poey, 1860 | synonym | junior | original | |
Synodus brevirostris (Poey, 1860) | synonym | junior | new | |
Trachinocephalus brevirostris (Poey, 1860) | synonym | junior | new | |
Saurus foetens (non Linnaeus, 1758) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Salmo foetens (non Linnaeus, 1766) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Trachinocephalus trachinus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) | accepted | senior | new | |
Saurus trachinus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 | synonym | senior | original | |
Goodella hypozona Ogilby, 1897 | synonym | junior | original | |
Trachinocephalus hypozona (Ogilby, 1897) | synonym | junior | new | |
Trachinocephalus myops (non Forster, 1801) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Trachinocephalus gauguini Polanco Fernandez, Acero P. & Betancur-R., 2016 | accepted | senior | original | |
Trachinocephalus atrisignis Prokofiev, 2019 | accepted | senior | original | |
Harpadontinae | ||||
Harpadon nehereus (Hamilton, 1822) | accepted | senior | new | |
Osmerus nehereus Hamilton, 1822 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Harpadon nahereus (Hamilton, 1822) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Harpadon nebereus (Hamilton, 1822) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Harpodon nehereus (Hamilton, 1822) | synonym | senior | new | |
Harpadon microchir Günther, 1878 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Harpodon microchir Günther, 1878 | synonym | senior | original | |
Harpadon translucens Saville-Kent, 1889 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Harpodon translucens Saville-Kent, 1889 | synonym | senior | original | |
Harpadon squamosus Alcock, 1891 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Harpodon squamosus Alcock, 1891 | synonym | senior | original | |
Harpadon mortenseni Hardenberg, 1933 | accepted | senior | original | |
Harpadon erythraeus Klausewitz, 1983 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Harpodon erythraeus Klausewitz, 1983 | synonym | senior | original | |
Harpadon nudus Ganga & Thomas, 2016 | accepted | senior | original | |
Saurida tumbil (Bloch, 1795) | accepted | senior | new | |
Salmo tumbil Bloch, 1795 | synonym | senior | original | |
Saurus argyrophanes Richardson, 1846 | synonym | junior | original | |
Saurida argyrophanes (Richardson, 1846) | synonym | junior | new | |
Saurida australis Castelnau, 1879 | synonym | junior | original | |
Saurida truculenta Macleay, 1881 | synonym | junior | original | |
Saurida ferox Ramsay, 1883 | synonym | junior | original | |
Saurida gracilis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) | accepted | senior | new | |
Saurus gracilis Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Saurida gracila (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Saurida gracilata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Saurida gracillis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) | synonym | senior | new | |
Saurus minutus Lesueur, 1825 | synonym | junior | original | |
Saurida tombil (non Bloch, 1795) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied | |
Saurida tumbil (non Bloch, 1795) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Saurida nebulosa (non Valenciennes, 1850) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Saurida elongata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) | accepted | senior | new | |
Aulopus elongatus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Saurida elongatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) | synonym | senior | new | |
Saurida undosquamis (Richardson, 1848) | accepted | senior | new | |
Saurus undosquamis Richardson, 1848 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Saurida undosquamia (Richardson, 1848) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Saurida undosquammis (Richardson, 1848) | synonym | senior | new | |
Saurida grandisquamis Günther, 1864 | synonym | junior | original | |
Saurida tumbil (non Bloch, 1795) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Saurida argyrophanes (non Richardson, 1846) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Saurida nebulosa Valenciennes, 1850 | accepted | senior | original | |
Saurida gracilis (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Saurida argentea Macleay, 1881 | accepted | senior | original | |
Saurida micropectoralis (non Shindo & Yamada, 1972) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Saurida filamentosa Ogilby, 1910 | accepted | senior | original | |
Saurida tumbil (non Bloch, 1795) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Saurida macrolepis Tanaka, 1917 | accepted | senior | original | |
Saurida sp. 2 Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Saurida undosquamis (non Richardson, 1848) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Saurida grandisquamis (non Günther, 1864) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Saurida caribbaea Breder, 1927 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Saurida caribbaeus Breder, 1927 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Saurida caribbea Breder, 1927 | synonym | senior | original | |
Saurida suspicio Breder, 1927 | accepted | senior | original | |
Saurida microlepis Wu & Wang, 1931 | accepted | senior | original | |
Saurida brasiliensis Norman, 1935 | accepted | senior | original | |
Saurida brasiliensis brasiliensis Norman, 1935 | synonym | senior | change in rank | |
Saurida parri Norman, 1935 | synonym | junior | original | |
Trachinocephalus myops (non Forster, 1801) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Saurida normani Longley, 1935 | accepted | senior | original | |
Saurida longimanus Norman, 1939 | accepted | senior | original | |
Saurida isarankurai Shindo & Yamada, 1972 | accepted | senior | original | |
Saurida micropectoralis Shindo & Yamada, 1972 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Saurida macropectoralis Shindo & Yamada, 1972 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Saurida micropectaralis Shindo & Yamada, 1972 | synonym | senior | original | |
Saurida wanieso Shindo & Yamada, 1972 | accepted | senior | original | |
Saurida pseudotumbil Dutt & Sagar, 1981 | accepted | senior | original | |
Saurida flamma Waples, 1982 | accepted | senior | original | |
Saurida umeyoshii Inoue & Nakabo, 2006 | accepted | senior | original | |
Saurida sp. 1 Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Saurida sp. 2 Not applicable | synonym | other | other | |
Saurida golanii Russell, 2011 | accepted | senior | original | |
Saurida lessepsianus Russell, Golani & Tikochinski, 2015 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Saurida lessepsenianus Russell, Golani & Tikochinski, 2015 | synonym | senior | original | |
Saurida tweddlei Russell, 2015 | accepted | senior | original |