Family Clupeidae - Herrings, shads, sardines, menhadens | ||||
Order | : | Clupeiformes | ||
Class | : | Teleostei | ||
No. in FishBase | : | Genera : 7 | Species : 15 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes | ||
Environment | : | Fresh : Yes | Brackish : Yes | Marine : Yes | ||
Division | : | Marine | ||
Aquarium | : | none | ||
First Fossil Record | : | lower Tertiary lower Eocene | Ref. Gaudant, J. 1991 | |
Remark | : | The classification in subfamilies is original to FishBase et based on the phylogenetic work of Lavoué et al. (2013: Ref. 93878) in absence of consensual classification so far. Includes the former Sundalangidae (1 genus, Sundalanx, and 7 species) that are actually paedomorphic species deeply nested in Clupeidae-Ehiravinae. Distribution: global (mostly tropical) from 70° N to about 60° S. Chiefly marine coastal and schooling fishes; some freshwater and anadromous. Body usually fusiform, round to strongly compressed. Head without scales; jaw teeth, when present, are small or minute. A single dorsal fin, small and near midpoint of body; pelvic fins more or less below dorsal fin base; dorsal and pelvic fins absent in some species; soft rays only. Lateral line spanning a few scales behind the head in some species, missing in others; scales cycloid (smooth to touch). Branchiostegal rays usually 5-10. Most feed on small planktonic animals. Size range (adults): from 2 to 75 cm. One of the most important family of commercial fishes, processed for food, oil, or fish meal. | ||
Etymology | : | Latin, clupea = sardine, derived from Clupeus = shield; doubtless a reference to the scales covering the body of the fish + Greek, odous = teeth | ||
Reproductive guild | : | nonguarders | ||
Typical activity level | : | normal | ||
Main Ref. | : | Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 | ||
Coordinator | : | |||
Deep Fin Classification | : | Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Osteoglossocephalai | Clupeocephala | Otomorpha | Clupei | | | | | | | | | Clupeiformes | Clupeoidei | | Clupeidae |
Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination |
---|---|---|---|
Clupea harengus Linnaeus, 1758 | accepted | senior | original |
Clupea harengus harengus Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | change in rank |
! Clupea harengula Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original |
Clupea harengus membras Linnaeus, 1760 | synonym | other | original |
Clupea membras Wulf, 1765 | synonym | junior | original |
Clupea harengus membras Wulf, 1765 | synonym | junior | change in rank |
Cyprinus esca Walbaum, 1792 | synonym | junior | original |
Clupea halec Mitchill, 1814 | synonym | junior | original |
Clupea elongata Lesueur, 1818 | synonym | junior | original |
Clupea alba Yarrell, 1829 | synonym | junior | original |
Clupea harengus schelderensis Nilsson, 1832 | synonym | other | original |
Clupea leachii Yarrell, 1832 | synonym | junior | original |
Clupea minima Storer, 1839 | synonym | junior | original |
Rogenia alba Valenciennes, 1847 | synonym | junior | original |
Clupea harengus islandicus Schnakenbeck, 1931 | synonym | junior | original |
Clupea islandicus Schnakenbeck, 1931 | synonym | junior | change in rank |
Clupea harengus britannicus Schnakenbeck, 1931 | synonym | junior | original |
Clupea britannicus Schnakenbeck, 1931 | synonym | junior | change in rank |
Clupea harengus atlanticus Schnakenbeck, 1931 | synonym | junior | original |
Clupea atlanticus Schnakenbeck, 1931 | synonym | junior | change in rank |
Clupea harengus ivernicus Schnakenbeck, 1931 | synonym | junior | original |
Clupea ivernicus Schnakenbeck, 1931 | synonym | junior | change in rank |
Clupea harengus caledonicus Schnakenbeck, 1931 | synonym | junior | original |
Clupea caledonicus Schnakenbeck, 1931 | synonym | junior | change in rank |
Clupea harengus scoticus Schnakenbeck, 1931 | synonym | junior | original |
Clupea scoticus Schnakenbeck, 1931 | synonym | junior | change in rank |
Clupea harengus frisius Schnakenbeck, 1931 | synonym | junior | original |
Clupea frisius Schnakenbeck, 1931 | synonym | junior | change in rank |
Clupea harengus cimbricus Schnakenbeck, 1931 | synonym | junior | original |
Clupea cimbricus Schnakenbeck, 1931 | synonym | junior | change in rank |
Clupea harengus scandicus Schnakenbeck, 1931 | synonym | junior | original |
Clupea scandicus Schnakenbeck, 1931 | synonym | junior | change in rank |
Clupea harengus norvegicus Schnakenbeck, 1931 | synonym | junior | original |
Clupea norvegivus Schnakenbeck, 1931 | synonym | junior | change in rank |
Clupea harengus septemtrionalis Schnakenbeck, 1931 | synonym | other | original |
Clupea septemtrionalis Schnakenbeck, 1931 | synonym | junior | original |
Clupea harengus borealis Schnakenbeck, 1931 | synonym | other | original |
Clupea borealis Schnakenbeck, 1931 | synonym | other | original |
Clupea palassi probatowi Makushok, 1935 | synonym | other | original |
Clupea harengus harengus murmanica Tikhonov, 1941 | synonym | other | original |
Clupea manulensis Marion de Procé, 1822 | accepted | senior | original |
Clupea pallasii Valenciennes, 1847 | accepted | senior | original |
Clupea harengus pallasi Valenciennes, 1847 | synonym | senior | change in rank |
Clupea harengus pallasii Valenciennes, 1847 | synonym | senior | change in rank |
Clupea pallasii pallasii Valenciennes, 1847 | synonym | senior | change in rank |
! Clupea pallasi Valenciennes, 1847 | synonym | senior | original |
Clupea lineolata Valenciennes, 1847 | ambiguous | questionable | original |
Clupea mirabilis Girard, 1854 | synonym | junior | original |
Clupea inermis Basilewsky, 1855 | synonym | junior | original |
Spratelloides bryoporus Cope, 1873 | synonym | junior | original |
! Clupea harengus pallasi marisalbi Berg, 1923 | synonym | junior | original |
Clupea harengus marisalbi Berg, 1923 | synonym | junior | change in species |
Clupea pallasii marisalbi Berg, 1923 | synonym | junior | change in species |
! Clupea pallasi marisalbi Berg, 1923 | synonym | junior | original |
! Clupea harengus pallasi suworowi Rabinerson, 1927 | synonym | junior | original |
Clupea pallasii suworowi Rabinerson, 1927 | synonym | junior | change in rank |
! Clupea pallasi suworovi Rabinerson, 1927 | synonym | junior | change in rank |
! Clupea pallasi suworowi Rabinerson, 1927 | synonym | junior | change in rank |
Clupea harengus (non Linnaeus, 1758) | misapplied | misapplied | original |
Sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new |
Clupea sprattus Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original |
Sprattus sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
! Clupea spratttus Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original |
! Spratus spratus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
! Sprattus sprattus phalearicus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | junior | new |
Clupanodon phalerica Risso, 1827 | synonym | junior | original |
Sprattus sprattus phalerica (Risso, 1827) | synonym | junior | new |
Sprattus sprattus phalericus (Risso, 1827) | synonym | junior | new |
Clupea latulus Cuvier, 1829 | synonym | junior | original |
Clupea papalina Bonaparte, 1846 | synonym | junior | original |
Clupea schoneveldii Krøyer, 1846 | synonym | junior | original |
Spratella pumila Valenciennes, 1847 | synonym | junior | original |
Meletta vulgaris Valenciennes, 1847 | synonym | junior | original |
Clupea sulinae Antipa, 1904 | synonym | junior | original |
Clupea sprattus balticus Schneider, 1908 | synonym | junior | original |
Sprattus sprattus balticus (Schneider, 1908) | synonym | junior | new |
! Spratella sprattus baltica (Schneider, 1908) | synonym | junior | new |
Spratella serdinka Nikolskii, 1923 | synonym | junior | original |
Sprattus fuegensis (Jenyns, 1842) | accepted | senior | new |
Clupea fuegensis Jenyns, 1842 | synonym | senior | original |
! Sprattus fueguensis (Jenyns, 1842) | synonym | senior | new |
Sprattus novaehollandiae (Valenciennes, 1847) | accepted | senior | new |
Meletta novaehollandiae Valenciennes, 1847 | synonym | senior | original |
Clupea bassensis McCulloch, 1911 | synonym | junior | original |
Sprattus bassensis (McCulloch, 1911) | synonym | junior | new |
Sprattus antipodum (Hector, 1872) | accepted | senior | new |
Clupea sprattus antipodum Hector, 1872 | synonym | senior | original |
Clupea antipoda Hector, 1872 | synonym | senior | change in rank |
Clupea antipodum Hector, 1872 | synonym | senior | change in rank |
! Clupea spratttus antipodarum Hector, 1872 | synonym | senior | original |
Clupea holodon Regan, 1916 | synonym | junior | original |
Sprattus muelleri (non Klunzinger, 1879) | misapplied | misapplied | new |
Sprattus muelleri (Klunzinger, 1879) | accepted | senior | new |
Clupea muelleri Klunzinger, 1879 | synonym | senior | original |
Sprattus antipodum (non Hector, 1872) | misapplied | misapplied | new |
Hyperlophus vittatus (Castelnau, 1875) | accepted | senior | new |
Meletta vittata Castelnau, 1875 | synonym | senior | original |
Clupea sprattellides Ogilby, 1892 | synonym | junior | original |
! Clupea spratellides Ogilby, 1892 | synonym | junior | original |
Hyperlophus copii Ogilby, 1897 | synonym | junior | original |
Hyperlophus translucidus McCulloch, 1917 | accepted | senior | original |
Potamalosa richmondia (Macleay, 1879) | accepted | senior | new |
Clupea richmondia Macleay, 1879 | synonym | senior | original |
Potamalosa antiqua Ogilby, 1897 | synonym | junior | original |
Clupea novaehollandiae (non Valenciennes, 1847) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied |
Potamalosa novaehollandiae (non Valenciennes, 1847) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied |
Ethmidium maculatum (Valenciennes, 1847) | accepted | senior | new |
Alausa maculata Valenciennes, 1847 | synonym | senior | original |
Brevoortia maculata (Valenciennes, 1847) | synonym | senior | new |
Clupea maculata (Valenciennes, 1847) | synonym | senior | new |
Alausa coerulea Valenciennes, 1847 | ambiguous | questionable | original |
Clupea notacanthus Günther, 1868 | synonym | junior | original |
Clupea notacanthoides Steindachner, 1869 | synonym | junior | original |
Ethmidium chilcae Hildebrand, 1946 | synonym | junior | original |
Brevoortia maculata chilcae (Hildebrand, 1946) | synonym | junior | new |
Ramnogaster arcuata (Jenyns, 1842) | accepted | senior | new |
Clupea arcuata Jenyns, 1842 | synonym | senior | original |
Spratella arcuata (Jenyns, 1842) | synonym | senior | new |
Ramnogaster melanostoma (Eigenmann, 1907) | accepted | senior | new |
Pomolobus melanostomus Eigenmann, 1907 | synonym | senior | original |
Clupea melanostoma (Eigenmann, 1907) | synonym | senior | new |
Spratella melanostoma (Eigenmann, 1907) | synonym | senior | new |
Clupea melanostoma limnoica Alonzo de Arámburu, 1961 | ambiguous | other | original |
Strangomera bentincki (Norman, 1936) | accepted | senior | new |
Clupea bentincki Norman, 1936 | synonym | senior | original |
Clupea bentincki cuga de Buen, 1958 | synonym | junior | original |