Family Rhamphichthyidae - Sand knifefishes | ||||
Order | : | Gymnotiformes | ||
Class | : | Teleostei | ||
No. in FishBase | : | Genera : 3 | Species : 17 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes | ||
Environment | : | Fresh : Yes | Brackish : No | Marine : No | ||
Division | : | Primary freshwater | ||
Aquarium | : | none | ||
First Fossil Record | : | |||
Remark | : | Sand knifefishes are known from South America. Body elongated and compressed; 12-26 precaudal vertebrae; pelvic girdle and fins absent; dorsal fin absent; anal fin extremely long from before pectorals to near tip of body; no caudal fin. Electric organs present (myogenic). Teeth absent on lower jaw; snout long and tubular; nostrils relatively close together. Ethmoid bone very long and narrow, measuring more than 1/3 of the entire length of the neurocranium; symplectic bone also greatly elongated (Ref. 26457). Nocturnal fishes that burrow in the sand during daytime. | ||
Etymology | : | Greek, rhamphos = bill, beak + Greek, ichthys = fish ( Ref. 45335). | ||
Reproductive guild | : | guarders | ||
Typical activity level | : | |||
Main Ref. | : | Nelson, J.S. 1994 | ||
Coordinator | : | Nelson, J.S. 1994 | ||
Deep Fin Classification | : | Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Osteoglossocephalai | Clupeocephala | Otomorpha | Ostariophysi | | Otophysa | | | | | | Siluriphysae | Gymnotiformes | Sternopygoidei | | Rhamphichthyidae |
Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination |
---|---|---|---|
Rhamphichthys rostratus (Linnaeus, 1766) | accepted | senior | new |
Gymnotus rostratus Linnaeus, 1766 | synonym | senior | original |
Gymnotus longirostratus Lacepède, 1800 | synonym | junior | original |
Rhamphichthys reinhardti Kaup, 1856 | synonym | junior | original |
Rhamphichthys schomburgki Kaup, 1856 | ambiguous | questionable | original |
Rhamphichthys blochii Kaup, 1856 | synonym | junior | original |
Rhamphichthys schneideri Kaup, 1856 | synonym | junior | original |
Rhamphichthys lineatus Castelnau, 1855 | accepted | senior | original |
Rhamphichthys marmoratus Castelnau, 1855 | accepted | senior | original |
Rhamphichthys pantherinus Castelnau, 1855 | accepted | senior | original |
Rhamphichthys hahni (Meinken, 1937) | accepted | senior | new |
Sternarchorhamphus hahni Meinken, 1937 | synonym | senior | original |
! Sternacorhamphus hahni Meinken, 1937 | synonym | senior | original |
Rhamphichthys apurensis (Fernández-Yépez, 1968) | accepted | senior | new |
Gymnorhamphichthys apurensis Fernández-Yépez, 1968 | synonym | senior | original |
Rhamphichthys atlanticus Triques, 1999 | accepted | senior | original |
Rhamphichthys drepanium Triques, 1999 | accepted | senior | original |
Rhamphichthys longior Triques, 1999 | accepted | senior | original |
Rhamphichthys heleios Carvalho & Albert, 2015 | accepted | senior | original |
Gymnorhamphichthys hypostomus Ellis, 1912 | accepted | senior | original |
Gymnorhamphichthys rondoni (Miranda Ribeiro, 1920) | accepted | senior | new |
Urumara rondoni Miranda Ribeiro, 1920 | synonym | senior | original |
Gymnorhamphichthys hypostomus petiti (non Géry & Vu-Tân-Tuê, 1964) | misapplied | misapplied | original |
Gymnorhamphichthys petiti Géry & Vu, 1964 | accepted | senior | change in rank |
Gymnorhamphichthys hypostomus petiti Géry & Vu, 1964 | synonym | senior | original |
Gymnorhamphichthys rosamariae Schwassmann, 1989 | accepted | senior | original |
Gymnorhamphichthys bogardusae Lundberg, 2005 | accepted | senior | original |
! Gymnorhamphichthys bogardusi Lundberg, 2005 | synonym | senior | original |
Gymnorhamphichthys britskii Carvalho, Ramos & Albert, 2011 | accepted | senior | original |
Iracema caiana Triques, 1996 | accepted | senior | original |
Gymnorhamphichthys caianus (Triques, 1996) | synonym | senior | new |