Issue
This species is placed in the genus Epinephelus Bloch, 1793 in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. May 2011: Ref. 86870).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range 15 - 370 m (Ref. 5222). Subtropical; 18°S - 36°S, 150°E - 155°E (Ref. 5222)
Southwest Pacific: off the eastern coast of Australia.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 157 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5222); max. published weight: 66.0 kg (Ref. 5222)
Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14 - 15; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 9 - 10. Distinguished by the following characteristics: juveniles, pale brown with 7 broad dark bars, last covering most of caudal peduncle, upper half is black; prominent black maxillary streak; dark brown median and pelvic fins; translucent pectoral fins; adults pinkish gray in color, with or without dark bars; fins darker than body with white margins; depth of body contained 2.6-2.9 times in SL; head length 2.4-2.6 times in SL; slightly convex interorbital area and dorsal head profile; subangular preopercle, finely serrate, serrae on rounded corner not enlarged and ventral edge with 1-4 small serrae; almost straight upper edge of operculum; posterior nostrils 2-4 times larger than anterior nostrils; maxilla reaching almost to vertical at rear edge of eye; 2 rows of small teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw (Ref. 89707).
Found on the continental shelf and continental slope (Ref. 75154). Inhabits rocky reefs (Ref. 89707). Juveniles are found at depths between 15 and 128 m. Occurrence at lesser depths in the south off New South Wales is probably related to the cooler sea temperature.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Craig, M.T. and P.A. Hastings, 2007. A molecular phylogeny of the groupers of the subfamily Epinephelinae (Serranidae) with revised classification of the epinephelini. Ichthyol. Res. 54:1-17. (Ref. 83414)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: subsistence fisheries
Tools
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.8 - 23.5, mean 20.3 °C (based on 11 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01349 (0.00621 - 0.02932), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
