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Gymnura poecilura (Shaw, 1804)

Long-tailed butterfly ray
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Gymnura poecilura   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Gymnura poecilura (Long-tailed butterfly ray)
Gymnura poecilura
Picture by Randall, J.E.

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Gymnuridae (Butterfly rays)
Etymology: Gymnura: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Shaw.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; demersal; depth range ? - 80 m (Ref. 9773). Tropical

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Indo-Pacific: Persian Gulf (Ref. 68964), Red Sea to French Polynesia, north to Japan. Also reported from Persian Gulf (Ref. 96002).

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm 48.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 250 cm WD male/unsexed; (Ref. 30573)

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Caught often in demersal trawls, and occasionally by trammel net. Utilized for its meat, but of limited value due to its typically small size (Ref. 58048).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Gives birth to litters of up to 7 pups; born at 24-26 cm WD (Ref. 58048).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : McEachran, John | Collaborators

Sommer, C., W. Schneider and J.-M. Poutiers, 1996. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of Somalia. FAO, Rome. 376 p. (Ref. 30573)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

  Vulnerable (VU) (A2d); Date assessed: 11 September 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: genus, species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 25.2 - 29.2, mean 28.5 °C (based on 2718 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00617 (0.00391 - 0.00973), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.8   ±0.59 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref. 120179):  Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (Fec=1-6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 18.6 [5.1, 96.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.633 [0.154, 1.772] mg/100g; Protein = 22.5 [19.0, 25.4] %; Omega3 = 0.159 [0.044, 0.512] g/100g; Selenium = 54.2 [15.2, 177.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.18 [3.08, 26.74] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.584 [0.276, 1.078] mg/100g (wet weight);