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Zearaja chilensis (Guichenot, 1848)

Yellownose skate
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Zearaja chilensis   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Zearaja chilensis (Yellownose skate)
Zearaja chilensis
Picture by Johnny Labbe/Mauricio Ahumada

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) > Rajiformes (Skates and rays) > Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: More on author: Guichenot.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; demersal; depth range ? - 40 m (Ref. 120403). Temperate; 4°C - 19°C (Ref. 104541); 18°S - 57°S, 75°W - 52°W

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Southeast Pacific: central Chile to the Strait of Magellan.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm 103.5, range 94 - 100 cm
Max length : 152 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 120403)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

This medium-sized speies of Dipturus (up to at least 118.0 cm TL) is distinguished from its congeners by the following set of characters: when fresh, the dorsal surface of body is plain brownish to greyish, with some lighter small spots randomly distributed dorsally; one red to purple ocellus over center of each pectoral fin; ocelli with well-defined margins, irregular in shape, but often indistinguishable in fixed specimens; ventrally, white to grey with lighter patches over area of gill openings and beneath mouth; area flanking rostral cartilage membranous and slightly translucent and opaque and yellowish when fixed. Further differs by having a relatively broad disc with angular apices, its width 76.4 (75.0; 77.0) % TL; snout relatively short and broad; tail longer in males (42.2 [40.8] % TL) than in female voucher ([38.8] % TL); ventral head length 35.1 (34.2; 37.7) % TL; preorbital snout length 2.4 (2.9; 2.9) times distance between orbits; orbit diameter 0.5 (0.5; 0.6) of inter-orbital width; in males, the dorsal surface of disc and tail with central longitudinal band of dermal denticles extending from anterior margin of rostral cartilage to tail, including anterior margins of dorsal and caudal fins; a thin band of dermal denticles at anterior margins of pectoral fins, extending from anterior fontanelle to front line of alar thorn patches; dorsal surface of disc and tail of females covered with small dermal denticles, except for external margins of pectoral fins, pelvic fins, and area surrounding caudo-central thorns; with orbital thorns; a single nuchal thorn is often absent; both sexes without scapular thorns; a patch of malar thorns only in adult males; alar thorns only in adult males; medial-dorsal and lateral-dorsal thorns may be present in large specimens, especially in large females; small central-caudal thorns mostly arranged in longitudinal pairs in males and females, with two additional longitudinal rows of fine, sharp and posteriorly oriented lateral-caudal thorns may be present in large specimens; ventral sensory pores are small, distinct, black-edged, most abundant on snout and around mouth, scattered over area between gill openings, sparsely spaced on abdominal area and pectoral fins (Ref. 120403).

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Oviparous (Ref. 50449). Reported size at hatching and incubation period 17.2 cm TL and 252 days, respectively (Ref. 120403). Eggs have horn-like projections on the shell (Ref. 205). Inhabits sandy and muddy bottoms at depths (Ref. 104541).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Eggs have horn-like projections on the shell (Ref. 205).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : McEachran, John | Collaborators

Concha, F.J., J. Caira, D.A. Ebert and J.H.W. Pomperi, 2019. Redescription and taxonomic status of Dipturus chilensis (Guichenot, 1848), and description of Dipturus lamillai sp. nov. (Rajiformes: Rajidae), a new species of long-snout skate from the Falkland Islands. Zootaxa 4590(5):501-524. (Ref. 120403)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Endangered (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed: 06 February 2019

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: genus, species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | National databases | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 4.5 - 10.6, mean 6.7 °C (based on 334 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.6250   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00282 (0.00133 - 0.00596), b=3.25 (3.08 - 3.42), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  4.5   ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 9.5 (8.1 - 12.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 13 growth studies.
Resilience (Ref. 120179):  Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 3.18 [0.45, 55.95] mg/100g; Iron = 0.198 [0.018, 2.222] mg/100g; Protein = 15.2 [12.7, 18.3] %; Omega3 = 0.698 [0.304, 1.673] g/100g; Selenium = 18.6 [3.7, 89.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.17 [0.30, 53.72] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.25 [0.02, 2.75] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.