Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology:

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; demersal; depth range 37 - 184 m (Ref. 3814). Tropical; 37°N - 34°S, 98°W - 34°W

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Western Atlantic: North Carolina in USA to Brazil.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 19 - 21; Dorsal soft rays (total): 33 - 40; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 7 - 8; Vertebrae: 25. The head of juveniles and young adults may have a large dark wedge-like spot above and behind orbits; black peritoneum; branchial cavity with black lining. Slender caudal peduncle. Head with ground color; irregular dark blotch on operculum. Body tan to dark brownish black. The dark band and stripe become less distinct in bigger specimens. Fins dark-colored (generally black).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Oviparous (Ref. 240).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott, 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 24 January 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

More information

Trophic ecology
Food items
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Predators

Ecology
Ecology

Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances

Life cycle
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Maturities
Fecundities
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Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larvae
Larval dynamics

Distribution
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Introductions
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Anatomy
Gill areas
Brains
Otoliths

Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Fish sounds
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
Genetics
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Human related
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Aquaculture profiles
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Stamps, coins, misc.

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Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 17.7 - 27.1, mean 23.5 °C (based on 113 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00413 - 0.01752), b=3.08 (2.91 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.4 ±0.58 se; based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (16 of 100).

Pareques iwamotoi Miller & Woods, 1988