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Teleostei (teleosts) > Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Spondyliosoma: Greek, spondylos = vertebra (1667) + Greek, soma = body (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; brackish; demersal; depth range ? - 60 m (Ref. 4332). Subtropical; 10°S - 35°S, 17°E - 52°E

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Western Indian Ocean: South Africa and southern Madagascar.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3198); common length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3507)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11 - 13; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 10.

Found over rocky substrates of oceanic waters. Enters estuaries where it lives among the weeds. Feeds on algae and small crustaceans (Ref. 5213).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Eggs are laid in a shallow depression and guarded by the male until they hatch.

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith, 1986. Sparidae. p. 580-594. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3198)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 02 December 2009

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial; bait: usually

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 18 - 27.5, mean 26 °C (based on 74 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.00609 - 0.02604), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 2.8 ±0.34 se; based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 86.7 [44.5, 168.1] mg/100g; Iron = 1.11 [0.63, 2.03] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [17.6, 21.5] %; Omega3 = 0.36 [0.24, 0.57] g/100g; Selenium = 22.8 [11.4, 41.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.1 [3.8, 28.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.05 [0.74, 1.48] mg/100g (wet weight);

Spondyliosoma emarginatum (Valenciennes, 1830)