Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 1 - 42 m (Ref. 27665), usually 1 - 9 m (Ref. 27665). Tropical; 28°N - 24°S
Indo-Pacific: Mauritius to the Line, Marquesan, and Tuamoto islands, south to New Caledonia and the Cook Islands. Replaced by Apogon menesemus in the Hawaiian Islands (Ref. 37816).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 19.6 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 90102)
Inhabits seaward reefs, in rocky and coralline areas. In or near shelter by day (Ref. 9710). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Feeds on free-swimming crustaceans (Ref. 13550). Solitary or in small groups (Ref 90102).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Mouthbrooders (Ref. 240). Distinct pairing during courtship and spawning (Ref. 205).
Randall, J.E., 1998. Review of the cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) of the Hawaiian Islands, with descriptions of two new species. aqua, J. Ichthyol. Aquat. Biol. 3(1):25-38. (Ref. 27665)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.1 - 29.3, mean 28 °C (based on 1617 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01995 (0.00906 - 0.04395), b=3.01 (2.83 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 81.9 [42.7, 132.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.716 [0.425, 1.159] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.6, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.123 [0.076, 0.193] g/100g; Selenium = 30.9 [17.9, 57.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 57.8 [17.4, 184.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.22 [0.83, 1.74] mg/100g (wet weight);
