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Trematomus bernacchii Boulenger, 1902

Emerald rockcod
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Trematomus bernacchii   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Trematomus bernacchii (Emerald rockcod)
Trematomus bernacchii
Picture by Zimmermann, C.

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Perciformes/Notothenioidei (Icefishes) > Nototheniidae (Cod icefishes) > Trematominae
Etymology: Trematomus: Greek, trematos = hole + Greek, tomo = section, cut (Ref. 45335);  bernacchii: Species name bernacchii honors Louis Bernarcchi, an Australian physicist-meteorologist; specimen collected on the Southern Cross Expedition and served on Scott's 1901 expedition (Ref. 45168).
More on author: Boulenger.

Issue
The genus Pseudotrematomus is a synonym of Trematomus, which is confirmed by a molecular study to be published (J.-C. Hureau, pers. comm. 08 Jun. 2010).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; demersal; depth range 0 - 700 m (Ref. 11892), usually 0 - 200 m (Ref. 45168). Polar; 61°S - 78°S

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Southern Ocean: Peter Island, South Shetland, Elephant and South Orkney islands. Mac-Robertson, Queen Mary, Adelie Coasts, Weddell, Davis and Ross seas. East Antarctica from Queen Maud Land to Terre Adelie.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm ?, range 18 - ? cm
Max length : 28.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5179); 35.0 cm TL (female); common length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2121); max. reported age: 10 years (Ref. 5179)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 4 - 6; Dorsal soft rays (total): 34 - 39; Anal soft rays: 31 - 35. Body brownish, large dark spots in two or three series on body. Spinous dorsal blackish in upper part (Ref. 11892).

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Found in seafloors, well adapted to extremely low and stable temperatures (-1.86°C), annual mean temperature of McMurdo Sound) (Ref. 45168). Feed on polychaetes, gastropods, isopods, amphipods and few algae. Spawn once a year (Ref. 1071). Utilized for human consumption.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Although members of this Family are known to tend to egg masses, it is assumed that because of the high fecundity, this species is a non-guarder (RF), to be corrected if direct information becomes available.

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Dewitt, H.H., P.C. Heemstra and O. Gon, 1990. Nototheniidae. p. 279-331. In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 5179)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Not Evaluated 

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

More information

Trophic ecology
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References

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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: genus, species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): -1.8 - -0.8, mean -1.7 °C (based on 2076 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5005   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00537 (0.00280 - 0.01029), b=3.24 (3.07 - 3.41), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.4   ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.9 (2.0 - 12.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11 growth studies.
Resilience (Ref. 120179):  Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.19-0.91; tm=3-6; tmax=10; Fec=1,200-3,123).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   High.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 31.4 [18.6, 70.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.456 [0.206, 0.860] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [16.3, 18.4] %; Omega3 = 0.417 [0.228, 0.727] g/100g; Selenium = 15.4 [6.7, 32.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.6 [3.5, 70.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.515 [0.356, 0.761] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.