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Amphiprion leucokranos Allen, 1973

Whitebonnet anemonefish
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Image of Amphiprion leucokranos (Whitebonnet anemonefish)
Amphiprion leucokranos
Picture by Adams, M.J.

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Ovalentaria/misc (Various families in series Ovalentaria) > Pomacentridae (Damselfishes) > Pomacentrinae
Etymology: Amphiprion: Greek, amphi = on both sides + Greek, prion, -onos = saw (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; reef-associated; non-migratory; depth range 2 - 12 m (Ref. 9710). Tropical; 1°S - 25°S

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Western Central Pacific: Papua New Guinea, Manus Islands, D'Entreceasteaux Islands, New Britain, and Solomon Islands.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 12.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 90102)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 18 - 19; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 13 - 14.

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Adults inhabit lagoons and outer reef slopes. Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Eggs are demersal and adhere to the substrate (Ref. 205). Males guard and aerate the eggs (Ref. 205). This species may be a hybrid between A. chrysopterus and A. sandaracinos. A. thiellei may be a similar hybrid (Ref. 90102). Associated with the anemones: Heteractis crispa, Heteractis magnifica, and Stichodactyla mertensii (Ref. 5911). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35420).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Eggs are demersal and adhere to the substrate (Ref. 205). Males guard and aerate the eggs (Ref. 205). Also Ref. 7471.

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Allen, Gerald R. | Collaborators

Allen, G.R., 1991. Damselfishes of the world. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. 271 p. (Ref. 7247)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 August 2021

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

More information

Trophic ecology
Food items
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Predators
Ecology
Ecology
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
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Abundances
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
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Egg(s)
Egg developments
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Larval dynamics
Distribution
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Introductions
BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
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Otoliths
Physiology
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Nutrients
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Genetics
Genetics
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Aquaculture profiles
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Stamps, coins, misc.
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Taxonomy
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References
References

Tools

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Special reports

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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: genus, species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 27.4 - 29.5, mean 28.9 °C (based on 236 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.00642 - 0.03409), b=3.00 (2.80 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  2.7   ±0.31 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref. 120179):  High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 115 [66, 184] mg/100g; Iron = 0.806 [0.505, 1.250] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.6, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.134 [0.086, 0.211] g/100g; Selenium = 19.5 [11.7, 34.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 129 [45, 378] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.06 [1.45, 2.83] mg/100g (wet weight);