Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Freshwater; brackish; benthopelagic. Tropical
Africa: East coast rivers and estuaries south to Algoa Bay. Also known Somaliland (Gulf of Aden including Somalia, Djibouti, and southeastern Ethiopia) and Madagascar (Ref. 4343).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 26.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4967)
Dorsal spines (total): 7; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9 - 11; Anal spines: 1; Anal soft rays: 10 - 111. Diagnosis: palate without teeth; no spines on preopercle; dorsal fin with normal first spines; fleshy process below opercle; caudal fin not longer than head; no scales on opercle (Ref. 79840). Greenish with blotches on back and side (Ref. 2798).
Coloration: generally olive green on back, paler on flanks, and greenish-greyish ventrally; brownish spots on back and flanks; caudal fin with small brown spots; brownish bands between mouth and eyes (Ref. 79840).
Inhabits rivers and estuaries, including quiet swift water (Ref. 4967, 79840). Sometimes abundant in lagoons (Ref. 4967).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Eccles, D.H., 1992. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Tanzania. Prepared and published with the support of the United Nations Development Programme (project URT/87/016). FAO, Rome. 145 p. (Ref. 4967)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00450 - 0.01608), b=3.08 (2.92 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 2.1 ±0.1 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).