Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; pelagic-neritic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 0 - 20 m (Ref. 9839). Tropical; 45°N - 32°S, 32°E - 154°W
Indo-West Pacific: East Africa (including the Mascarenes, Ref. 33390) to Hokkaido, Japan and Queensland, Australia. Reported from Samoa (Ref. 592).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 27.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 30874); common length : 20.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5450)
Inhabits neritic surface waters, rare in the open ocean (Ref. 30573). Capable of leaping out of the water and gliding for long distances above the surface (Ref. 3395).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Parin, N.V., 1996. On the species composition of flying fishes (Exocoetidae) in the West-Central part of tropical Pacific. J. Ichthyol. 36(5):357-364. (Ref. 27313)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes
Tools
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.5 - 29.3, mean 28.5 °C (based on 2668 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00572 - 0.01917), b=3.07 (2.89 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (17 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 423 [169, 1,333] mg/100g; Iron = 2.11 [1.08, 4.66] mg/100g; Protein = 16.9 [14.9, 18.9] %; Omega3 = 0.218 [0.095, 0.633] g/100g; Selenium = 48 [20, 106] μg/100g; VitaminA = 25.8 [8.3, 95.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.53 [1.03, 2.29] mg/100g (wet weight);