分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Beloniformes (Needle fishes)
頜針魚目 (Needle fishes) >
Hemiramphidae (Halfbeaks)
鱵科 (Halfbeaks)
Etymology: Hyporhamphus: Greek, hypo = under + Greek, rhamphos = beak, bill (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - ? m. 熱帶
Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf to China along the mainland coast of Asia. Replaced in the East Indies, Borneo, and the Philippines by Hyporhamphus neglectus and around northern Australia and southern New Guinea by Hyporhamphus neglectissimus.
印度-西太平洋: 波斯灣到中國沿著亞洲的大陸海岸。 在 Hyporhamphus neglectus 的東印度群島，婆羅洲與菲律賓與 Hyporhamphus neglectissimus 的澳洲北部與新幾內亞南部的周圍取代了。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 9 - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 85009); common length : 13.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9843)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 13 - 16; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 13 - 16. Greatly prolonged, beak-like lower jaw, equal to, or longer than head length; upper jaw short, triangular and scaly, its width 0.6-0.8 times in its length. Preorbital distance 1.3-2.1 times in diameter of orbit and 0.75-1.2 times in length of upper jaw. Total number of gill rakers on first gill arch 23-37. Anal fin rays 13-16; caudal fin emarginate, not strongly forked.
非常延長, 鳥嘴形的下頜, 等於, 或長度超過頭長; 上頜短的﹐三角形的與有鱗的, 它的寬度 0.6-0.8 倍於體長。 倍眼窩的直徑眶前骨距離 1.3-2.1 與 0.75-1.2 倍上頜的長。 在第一個鰓弓 23-37 上的鰓耙的總數. 臀鰭棘條 13-16; 尾鰭邊緣微凹的, 不強烈地分岔。
Coastal species. Found at surface levels of tidal freshwaters and brackish estuaries (Ref. 12693). Encountered in the Mekong as far upstream as Stung Treng and also found in the Great Lake, Cambodia (Ref. 12693). Feed mainly on insects (Ref. 12693, 33813). Marketed fresh and dried salted.
沿岸魚種。 發現在潮汐淡水與半鹹淡的河口水平面了。 (參考文獻 12693) 在湄公河見到往上游遠達 Stung Treng 以及發現於柬埔寨的大湖.(參考文獻 12693) 主要吃昆蟲。 (參考文獻 12693,33813) 在市場上銷售生鮮或乾漬了。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-西太平洋: 波斯灣到中國沿著亞洲的大陸海岸。 在 Hyporhamphus neglectus 的東印度群島，婆羅洲與菲律賓與 Hyporhamphus neglectissimus 的澳洲北部與新幾內亞南部的周圍取代了。
Collette, B.B. and J. Su, 1986. The halfbeaks (Pisces, Beloniformes, Hemiramphidae) of the Far East. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 138(1):250-301. (Ref. 10943)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 17 March 2011
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.8 - 29.2, mean 28.3 °C (based on 1334 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00437 (0.00260 - 0.00734), b=3.05 (2.91 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 626 [155, 1,421] mg/100g; Iron = 1.71 [0.67, 4.68] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [15.1, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.204 [0.090, 0.592] g/100g; Selenium = 29 [12, 63] μg/100g; VitaminA = 68.8 [19.4, 231.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.68 [0.71, 4.35] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
