分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Centrarchiformes (Basses) >
Centrarchidae (Sunfishes)
Etymology: Micropterus: Greek, mikros = small + Greek,pteron = wing, fin (Ref. 45335); salmoides: salmoides meaning trout-like (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 10 - ?; 深度上下限 0 - 6 m (Ref. 1998). 10°C - 32°C (Ref. 12741); 46°N - 24°N, 125°W - 65°W (Ref. 89798)
North America: St. Lawrence - Great Lakes, and Mississippi River basins from southern Quebec to Minnesota and south to Gulf; Atlantic and Gulf drainages from North Carolina to Florida and to northern Mexico. The species has been introduced widely as a game fish and is now cosmopolitan. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 97.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 86798); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 556); 最大體重: 10.1 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年齡: 23 年 (Ref. 46974)
背棘 (總數) : 10; 背的軟條 (總數) : 11 - 14; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 10 - 12; 脊椎骨: 30 - 32.
Inhabit lakes, ponds, swamps, and backwaters and pools of creeks, and small to large rivers (Ref. 86798). Usually found over mud or sand and common in impoundments (Ref. 5723). They prefer quiet, clear water and over-grown banks. Adults feed on fishes, crayfish and frogs; young feed on crustaceans, insects and small fishes. Sometimes cannibalistic. They don't feed during spawning; as well as when the water temperature is below 5°C and above 37°C (Ref. 30578). Builds nest at 25 mm-203 mm deep (Ref. 1998). An introduced species in Europe reported to avoid fast-flowing waters and to occur in estuaries with a salinity up to 13 ppt (Ref. 59043). Popular game fish in North America. Preyed upon by herons, bitterns, and kingfishers (Ref. 1998). Excellent food fish (Ref. 1998).
The male which becomes aggressive and territorial builds the nest on muddy bottoms of shallow water. A female may spawn with several males on different nests. The male guards and fans the eggs for about 29 days (Ref. 93240). Spawning takes place spring to summer or when temperature reaches 15°C. Adults mate between the age of 5-12 years (Ref. 11243). Also Ref, 88808).
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 14 November 2018
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00903 - 0.01214), b=3.08 (3.04 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.2 (4.6 - 6.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 41
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.06-0.14; tm=3-5; tmax=16; Fec=2,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 37.3 [15.6, 73.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.919 [0.527, 1.527] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.481 [0.197, 1.182] g/100g; Selenium = 28.9 [11.5, 68.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19.5 [6.5, 59.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.852 [0.603, 1.246] mg/100g (wet weight);
