Teleostei (teleosts) >
Perciformes/Uranoscopoidei (Sand dwellers) >
Pinguipedidae (Sandperches)
Etymology: Parapercis: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, perke = perch (Ref. 45335); rubromaculata: Name from Latin ruber for red, and maculate for spot, referring to the characteristic red spots on the caudal fin of this species when fresh (Ref. 89549).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; benthopelagic; depth range 50 - 80 m (Ref. 89549). Tropical
Pacific: Taiwan.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 11.4 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 89549)
Short description
Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics
Dorsal spines (total): 5; Dorsal soft rays (total): 21; Anal spines: 1; Anal soft rays: 17. This species is distinguished by the following characters: caudal fin with many irregular red spots; dorsal body surface with 5 reddish-brown blotches; midline of lateral body with 5 reddish patches, each connected to an overlying dorsal blotches; below the eye, crossing the cheek, is a diagonal reddish-yellow bar; below midline of lateral body is a series of irregular yellowish patches; dorsal fin with medial row of yellowish spots and a row of reddish spots on base of soft rays; anal fin yellowish with a whitish base and some irregular pinkish lines; eye yellowish with two horizontal bar, one above and other below iris; D V,21, 4th dorsal spine longest; A I,17; pectoral-fin rays 17; pored lateral-line scales 52-53; gill rakers on 1st gill arch 13-14; pseudobranches 15-17; anterior in lower jaw are 3 pairs of canine teeth; palatine teeth absent; vomerine teeth stout, in a single curved row; cycloid scales on cheek and in predorsal, prepectoral and prepelvic areas; margin of preopercle smoothly indented; ventral half of caudal fin slightly rounded, dorsal half truncate with a prolongation on upper corner; appressed pelvic fin extends well beyond anus (Ref. 89549).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Ho, H.-C., C.-H. Chang and K.-T. Shao, 2012. Two new sandperches (Perciformes: Pinguipedidae: Parapercis) from South China Sea, based on morphology and DNA barcoding. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60(1):163-172. (Ref. 89549)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00692 (0.00311 - 0.01538), b=3.06 (2.88 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
