分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水; 非產卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 189). ; 42°N - 17°S, 81°E - 147°E (Ref. 189)
Eastern Indian Ocean: northern and eastern Bay of Bengal coasts, including the Andaman Islands; perhaps southward from the Godavari river. Western Pacific: northern coast of Australia, Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819), Gulf of Papua, Sarawak, presumably the Philippines and Hong Kong; China from Taiwan north to Yellow Sea and southern part of Sea of Japan.
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 22.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9822); 最大體重: 44.25 g (Ref. 124713)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 46 - 56. Belly with 18 to 20 (rarely 17 or 21) + 7 (sometimes 8) = 25 to 27 keeled scutes from isthmus to anus. Lower gill rakers with the serrae uneven, with slight or sometimes distinct clumps of larger serrae. Pectoral filament moderate, reaching back to base of 9th to 21st anal fin ray.
Presumably schooling and occurring mostly in coastal waters, but also entering estuaries (Ref. 11230) (e.g. the Hooghly and Godavari in India) and penetrating at least 20 km up the Godavari, tolerating salinities as low as 8.7 ppt. Feeds on prawn, copepods, crustacean larvae, mollusks and fishes. Fairly common (Ref. 189).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Wongratana, T., T.A. Munroe and M. Nizinski, 1999. Order Clupeiformes. Engraulidae. Anchovies. p. 1698-1753. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9822)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 29.1, mean 28.4 °C (based on 948 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00265 - 0.00754), b=3.10 (2.96 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.51 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (17 of 100).
