分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Orectolobiformes (Carpet sharks)
鬚鯊目 (Carpet sharks) >
Stegostomatidae (Zebra sharks)
虎鮫科 (Zebra sharks)
Etymology: Stegostoma: stego (Gr.), cover; stoma (Gr.), mouth, referring to how “upper jaw is surmounted by a thick, membranous bulge” (translation), i.e., rounded snout conceals upper jaw and mouth opening (See ETYFish); tigrinum: Latin for of tigers, referring to the banded black-and-white pattern of juveniles [also known as S. fasciatum (Hermann 1783), a junior synonym] (See ETYFish).
More on author: Forster.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 非產卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 90 m (Ref. 106604), usually 5 - 30 m (Ref. 1602). 熱帶; 26°C - 29°C (Ref. 4959); 41°N - 30°S, 32°E - 169°W
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to New Caledonia and Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to New South Wales, Australia. Recently recorded from Tonga (Ref. 53797). Also from Persian Gulf (Ref. 247).
印度-西太平洋: 紅海而且東非到新加勒多尼亞, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲新南威爾斯。 最近從東加記錄。 (參考文獻 53797)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 170 - ? cm
Max length : 354 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 58048)
This species is distinguished by the following characters: a long caudal fin (49.9-54.2% TL), five dorsolateral ridges along the body, visible even in hatchlings; spiracles bean-shaped, large (length 0.4-1.7% TL); eyes small (length 0.9-2.1% TL); barbels two and short (0.6-2.8% TL); gill slits five, with fourth and fifth partly fused so only four noticeable from a distance; pectoral fins large (anterior margin length 10.4-19.1% TL), are broad and rounded; first dorsal fin originates far posteriorly above the pelvic fins; pectoral-fin rays of semi-plesodic structure, reaching ca. 66-88% of pectoral fin; vertebrae; total 207-262, monospondylous precaudal 43-49, diplospondylous precaudal 38-50, diplospondylous caudal 120-175, precaudal vertebrae 81-101; tooth rows on upper jaw 13-30, on lower jaw 22-30, and series count, upper jaw: 7-27, lower 8-16; ring-type intestine with 18-20 valvular turns. Two color morphs, with a three-stage ontogenetic color and pattern change: the Zebra morph with juveniles with dark brown background and cream colored bands (zebra-like), transitionals light brown with dark bands, broken up by dots and adults beige to yellow with spotted pattern (can be leopard-like); the sandy color morph: transitionals light beige background with swirly pattern of narrow, darker brown bands with tiny spots breaking up the pattern and with adults uniformly sandy beige with tiny dark brown freckles (Ref. 125658).
頭部有 5個小的鰓縫，最後的三在後胸鰭起源; 鼻孔接近吻部前面, 有短的用嘴巴連接他們的觸鬚與鼻溝.(參考文獻 4832)非常長的尾鰭, 幾乎與身體的其他部分等長, 具有一個深的接近端位的凹槽但是有被剛剛發展的下面的葉.(參考文獻 13575,6871) 黃褐色的有深褐色的斑點 (參考文獻 391), 幼魚黑色的有黃色的橫帶.(參考文獻 5578) 成魚有縱向的皮膚脊那是沒有的當幼魚時.(參考文獻 391) 比大約 70 公分小的稚魚, 顯著不同; 深色且有白色的橫帶與斑點; 腹側灰白的.(參考文獻 6781) 胸鰭大的而且寬廣地圓的.(參考文獻 6871)
A tropical inshore shark found on sand, rubble, or coral bottoms of the continental and insular shelves (Ref. 247). Recorded to have entered freshwater (Ref. 4735). Rather sluggish at least during the day (Ref. 247). Probably nocturnal, feeds mainly on mollusks, but also small bony fishes (Ref. 9993). Also known to eat crustaceans (crabs and shrimps) and sea snakes (Ref. 43278). Oviparous (Ref. 43278, 50449). Slow-swimming and able to squirm into narrow cracks, crevices and channel in reefs while searching for food (Ref. 247). Readily kept in captivity (Ref. 247). May bite when provoked (Ref. 247). Utilized fresh and dried-salted for human consumption and also for fishmeal; livers processed for vitamins; fins dried for the oriental sharkfin trade; offal utilized for fishmeal (Ref. 247). Possibly reaching 354 cm TL (Ref. 9993, 47613). Caught in drift net intended for sharks (Ref. 47736). Reported from freshwater in the Philippines but needs to be confirmed (Ref. 43278).
一種熱帶近岸鯊魚發現於大陸棚與島嶼棚的沙子，碎石或珊瑚底部了。 (參考文獻 247) 記錄到已經進入淡水.(參考文獻 4735) 在白天期間的相當緩動性至少.(參考文獻 247) 可能夜行, 主要捕食軟體動物, 也小的硬骨魚類.(參考文獻 9993) 卵生的.(參考文獻 50449) 游泳速度慢而且能蠕動進入礁的狹窄的裂縫，裂隙與峽道然而尋找食物.(參考文獻 247) 輕易地畜養於繁殖場了。 (參考文獻 247) 五月咬當被激怒時。 (參考文獻 247) 生鮮使用與乾燥鹽醃供人類消費以及用於魚粉; 肝臟加工成維他命了; 鰭乾燥以供東方的魚翅貿易了; 碎肉利用了魚粉。 (參考文獻 247) 可能地達到 354 公分TL 。 (參考文獻 9993,47613) 在捕鯊的流刺網捕獲了。 (參考文獻 47736) 在菲律賓記錄來自淡水了但是需再確認.(參考文獻 43278)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous (Ref. 247). Egg cases are large, dark brown or purplish black, with longitudinal striations (Ref. 6871). Size at birth 20-26 cm TL (Ref. 9993).印度-西太平洋: 紅海而且東非到新加勒多尼亞, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲新南威爾斯。 最近從東加記錄。 (參考文獻 53797)
Dahl, R.B., E.E. Sigsgaard, G. Mwangi, P.F. Thomsen, R.D. Jørgensen, F. de Oliveira Torquato, L. Olsen and P.R. Møller, 2019. The sandy zebra shark: A new color morph of the zebra shark Stegostoma tigrinum, with a redescription of the species and a revision of its nomenclature. Copeia, 107(3):524-541. (Ref. 125658)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
瀕危 (EN) (A2bcd); Date assessed: 22 June 2023
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.2 - 28.8, mean 27.6 °C (based on 956 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 7.32 [1.34, 28.53] mg/100g; Iron = 0.333 [0.076, 0.919] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [17.4, 21.9] %; Omega3 = 0.0741 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 49.4 [13.5, 143.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.7 [5.2, 52.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.798 [0.390, 1.666] mg/100g (wet weight);
