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Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790)

Whitespotted eagle ray
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Aetobatus narinari   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Aetobatus narinari (Whitespotted eagle ray)
Aetobatus narinari
Picture by Vaske Jr., T.

Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (Haie und Rochen) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Aetobatidae (Pacific eagle rays)
Etymology: Aetobatus: Greek, aetos = eagle + Greek, batis, batidos = a ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).

Issue
Status of Aetobatus latirostris Duméril, 1861 requires further investigation. Species information (common names) should be linked to correct species (see Ref. 114963).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ökologie

seewasser; brackwasser benthopelagisch; amphidrom (Ref. 51243); tiefenbereich 1 - 80 m (Ref. 9710). Subtropical; 36°N - 24°S, 98°W - 15°E

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Western Atlantic and probably Eastern Atlantic. Indo-Pacific species refer to Aetobatus ocellatus; Eastern Pacific species refers to A. laticeps.

Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Alter

Maturity: Lm 107.4, range 110 - 120 cm
Max length : 230 cm WD Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 114953); common length : 140 cm WD Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 114953); max. veröff. Gewicht: 230.0 kg (Ref. 7251)

Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie

Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 0; Afterflossenstacheln: 0. An eagleray with a long snout, flat and rounded like a duck's bill, a thick head, and a pectoral disc with sharply curved, angular corners, and no caudal fin; jaws usually with single row of flat, chevron-shaped teeth (Ref. 5578). Each tooth a crescent-shaped plate joined into a band (Ref. 26938). Numerous white spots on black or bluish disc; white below (Ref. 5578). Long whiplike tail, with a long spine near the base, behind small dorsal fin. No spines on disk (Ref. 7251).

Biologie     Fachlexikon (Englisch) (z.B. epibenthic)

Commonly found in coastal habitats to at least 60 m depth (Ref. 114953). Swims close to the surface, occasionally leaping out of the water, or close to the bottom (Ref. 3175). Frequently forming large schools during the non-breeding season (Ref. 7251). Feeds on polychaetes, bivalves, gastropods, cepahlopods, shrimps and small fishes (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Bears young in litters of 2-4 (Ref. 26938, 114953).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Fortpflanzung | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Bears up to 4 young (Ref. 5578, 6871, 37816). Width at birth 17-35 cm (Ref. 37816). According to Uchida et al (1990) (Ref. 51119) 'the male chases the female in mid water, then nibbles on her dorsal surface. The female stops swimming to begin copulation. The male bites the female on a pectoral fin and bends one clasper forward, then attempts an abdomen to abdomen copulation with either clasper, usually mid-water' (Ref. 49562). Copulation lasted for 20 seconds to 1 minute (Ref. 49562).

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Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor, 2016. Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)

  stark gefährdet (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed: 28 July 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

  Traumatogenic (Ref. 4690)





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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 22.3 - 29, mean 27.5 °C (based on 4014 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.6250   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  4.2   ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179):  sehr niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert mehr als 14 Jahre. (tm=4-6; Fec=1-2).
Prior r = 0.06, 95% CL = 0.04 - 0.09, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).
Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 9.92 [1.89, 44.45] mg/100g; Iron = 0.495 [0.123, 1.361] mg/100g; Protein = 22 [17, 27] %; Omega3 = 0.253 [0.077, 0.713] g/100g; Selenium = 25.2 [7.7, 73.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.16 [2.83, 22.84] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.526 [0.255, 0.991] mg/100g (wet weight);