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Teleostei (teleosts) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Cynoglossidae (Tonguefishes) > Symphurinae
Etymology: Symphurus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr Thomas Marion Williams (1871–1947) took his BA at Stanford (1897) and MD at Columbia (1901) and practiced (1904) as a physician. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on authors: Jordan & Culver.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; demersal; depth range 0 - 52 m (Ref. 9294), usually 0 - 30 m (Ref. 9294). Tropical; 32°N -

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Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Peru.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 18.7 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 130775); common length : 7.5 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9294); max. published weight: 57.00 g (Ref. 130775)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 89 - 95; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 73 - 79; Vertebrae: 47 - 51.

Found in tide pools, estuaries and inlets with sandy bottoms (Ref. 9294). Probably taken with seines and as bycatch of trawl fisheries (Ref. 9294).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Munroe, T.A., F. Krupp and M. Schneider, 1995. Cynoglossidae. Lenguas, lenguetas. p. 1039-1059. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9294)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 03 November 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 19.9 - 28.5, mean 25.1 °C (based on 122 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00507 - 0.02267), b=3.11 (2.92 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.3 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Resilience (Ref. 120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

Symphurus williamsi Jordan & Culver, 1895