Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina bottenlevande; djupintervall 10 - 60 m (Ref. 91172). Tropical; 32°N -
Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Peru.
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 34.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 55763); common length : 25.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9114)
Short description
Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri
Body elongate, compressed, and not very deep (depth contained 3.1 times in standard length); mouth small and terminal with fleshy lips; preopercle serrate and possessing a large, stout spine at the angle; dorsal fin deeply notched, with 12 spines and 12 to 13 soft rays (XII, 12-13); second anal spine longer and stronger than bird; back charcoal gray with blue highlights; belly pale; flanks with 7 or 8 narrow, indistinct, dark bars; fins dark greenish yellow (Ref. 55763).
Adults are found in benthic over soft bottoms of coastal waters. Also caught with trammel nets. Marketed fresh (Ref. 9114).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver
Distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
McKay, R.J. and M. Schneider, 1995. Haemulidae. Burros, corocoros, chulas, gallinazos, roncos. p. 1136-1173. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9114)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: kommersiell
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.1 - 28.9, mean 25.9 °C (based on 68 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.00821 - 0.02117), b=2.90 (2.77 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (24 of 100).