Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री; गहराई सीमा 0 - ? m. Tropical; 36°N -
Eastern Pacific: Baja California, Mexico and the Gulf of California to Peru, including the Clipperton and Galapagos Islands. Records from the Indo-West Pacific are misidentifications, e.g. of Parexocoetus mento (Ref. 27313).
आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 19.0 cm SL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 9300)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 0; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 9 - 11; गुदा कांटा: 0; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 9 - 12; जानवरों की रीड़ का जोड़: 39 - 41. Branchiostegal rays: 9-11 (Ref. 36606).
Epipelagic and neritic, usually at surface in warm coastal waters (Ref. 33606). May leap out of the water and glide for considerable distances above the surface. Oviparous, with planktonic larvae (Ref. 36606). Eggs are attached to floating objects via long filaments (Ref. 36606).
Parin, N.V., 1995. Exocoetidae. Peces voladores. p. 1091-1103. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9300)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: निर्वाह मात्स्यिकी
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.7 - 26.4, mean 20.3 °C (based on 66 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00631 (0.00288 - 0.01384), b=3.05 (2.85 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): ऊंचा, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 15 महीने। (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (13 of 100).