Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; نطاق العمق 35 - 600 m (Ref. 82251), usually 251 - 300 m (Ref. 82251). Subtropical; 24°N - 47°S, 107°W - 74°W
Eastern Pacific: distribution is not precisely known; but may extend from Mazatlán, Mexico to Chile.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Common length : 35.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 9330)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 0; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 64 - 73; شوكة شرجية: 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 52 - 58. Pectoral fins rather small, about 2 times in head in ocular side and about 2.5 times in head on blind side. Pelvic fin on ocular side slightly larger than on blind side. Caudal fin round. Body brownish, with obscure darker spots on body and fins (Ref. 27363).
This species inhabits soft bottoms (Ref. 9330); from the littoral zone (35 m, shallowest depth reported in Ref. 9330) up to 600 m (Yañez and Barbieri, 1974.in Ref. 82251:833). Common depth range was taken from a study done in northern Chile. Stomach contents include mainly the squat lobsters (Pleuroncodes monodon and Cervimunida johni) and the deep-sea shrimp (Heterocarpus reedi) (Ref. 82251). Exploited on a local level with trawl nets and is utilized fresh or as fishmeal.
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
Hensley, D.A., 1995. Paralichthyidae. Lenguados. p. 1349-1380. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9330)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 10.9 - 12, mean 11.4 °C (based on 7 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00347 - 0.01512), b=3.17 (3.00 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): عالي, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أقل من 15 شهر (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 461 [145, 1,393] mg/100g; Iron = 1.46 [0.59, 3.70] mg/100g; Protein = 16.2 [13.8, 18.5] %; Omega3 = 0.409 [0.142, 1.201] g/100g; Selenium = 14.4 [4.0, 51.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 114 [18, 780] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.81 [0.93, 3.31] mg/100g (wet weight);
