Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina bottenlevande; djupintervall ? - 140 m (Ref. 11482). Tropical; 32°N - 5°S, 116°W - 77°W
Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Peru.
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 36.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 55763); common length : 20.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 55763)
Found on the continental shelf and slope (Ref. 9330), on sand-mud bottoms (Ref. 11482). Utilized fresh or as fishmeal (Ref. 9330).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
Hensley, D.A., 1995. Paralichthyidae. Lenguados. p. 1349-1380. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9330)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.8 - 26.2, mean 19.4 °C (based on 72 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00347 - 0.01512), b=3.17 (3.00 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 154 [70, 280] mg/100g; Iron = 1.03 [0.50, 1.85] mg/100g; Protein = 16.8 [14.7, 18.8] %; Omega3 = 0.142 [0.069, 0.282] g/100g; Selenium = 67.8 [32.2, 144.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.8 [3.7, 45.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.92 [0.61, 1.34] mg/100g (wet weight);
