Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; non-migratory. Temperate; 28°S - 39°S, 112°E - 155°E (Ref. 56294)
Eastern Indian Ocean: Endemic to southern Australia (Western Australia and South Australia).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 33839)
Occurs inshore (Ref. 7300). Benthic (Ref. 75154). Neither opercular spine nor anterolateral glandular grooves with venom gland is present (Ref. 57406).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Human uses
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.8 - 21.7, mean 18 °C (based on 108 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00514 - 0.02450), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 9.99 [5.22, 21.76] mg/100g; Iron = 0.168 [0.081, 0.313] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [15.2, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.41 [0.22, 0.73] g/100g; Selenium = 7.73 [3.60, 16.84] μg/100g; VitaminA = 63.6 [17.2, 279.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.464 [0.298, 0.718] mg/100g (wet weight);