分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Limnothrissa: Greek, limne = swamp + Greek, thrissa, es = shad (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Boulenger.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 大洋性; 非迁移的; 深度上下限 10 - 60 m (Ref. 27631). 熱帶; 21°C - 29°C (Ref. 5392); 3°S - 18°S
Africa: endemic to Lake Tanganyika (Ref. 188, 28136, 107916), but introduced into several other lakes, like Lake Kivu, Lake Kariba and Cahora Bassa reservoir (Ref. 188, 7248, 28136, 52193, 107916). Also reported as Microthrissa stappersii from Lake Mweru (Ref. 246, 52958), but this is based on an erroneous type locality of the species (Ref. 26733).
非洲: 坦噶尼喀湖, 但是引入一些其他的湖 (基伍湖，卡裡巴湖與卡布拉巴薩水庫) 中了. 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 6.8 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 17.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 36901); common length : 10.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4967); 最大体重: 40.00 g (Ref. 36901)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 13 - 18; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 15 - 19; 脊椎骨: 41 - 44. Diagnosis: Body fairly slender, depth about 22-24% of standard length; pre-pelvic scutes not strongly keeled, beginning behind base of last pectoral fin ray; maxilla blade over 4 times as long as its shaft, its lower toothed edge continued forward to meet hind tip of pre-maxilla; second supra-maxilla asymmetrical, lower half larger; lower gillrakers long and slender, 35-40; a distinct silver stripe along flank (Ref. 188, 1878). Its synonym Limnothrissa stappersii is characterised by fewer lower gill rakers, 22-25, fewer anal fin rays, 15-17, and the absence of scutes, and represents possibly a juvenile form of L. miodon (Ref. 188, 26733). It resembles Stolothrissa tanganicae of Lake Tanganyika, which is more slender, has a small eye and a shorter maxilla blade not reaching forward to hind tip of premaxilla (Ref. 188).
身体非常细长的。 前腹鳍鳞甲不有明显的龙骨,在最后胸鳍鳍条的基底后面开始。 超过 4 的颚骨叶片倍长于它的轴,继续的它的低有齿的边缘向前到前颚骨的适宜后部顶端; 第二个上颚骨不对称的, 下半部比较大的。 下鳃耙长且细的。 一条明显的银色斑纹沿着侧面。 吻宽的有尖端细的侧边, 不凹曲当从上方看了。 它有一个大的气管是它的能力的原因移动大的垂直距离。
Inhabits offshore areas of lake Tanganyika; also occurs at rivermouths, where the water is not too muddy and not very different physico-chemically from the Lake (Ref. 5393); lacustrine, forming large schools (Ref. 188, 7248), preferring open water (Ref. 13337). It has been successfully introduced to Lake Kivu, Lake Kariba and Cahora Bassa reservoir (Ref. 4967); found throughout Lake Kariba in both inshore habitats and open water to a depth of 20-35 m depending on the thermocline (Ref. 7248, 52193). Feeds on plankton, especially atyid shrimps, also copepods and prawns, but larger individuals apparently take larval Stolothrissa (Ref. 188). Cannibalism does occur (Ref. 13337). Breeds close to the shore throughout the rainy seasons, but with peaks in May/June and December/January (Ref. 188). Fire is used to attract the fish and caught by means of scoop nets (Ref. 36900). Used widely as bait by anglers, especially for tigerfish (Ref. 7248, 52193).
近岸与在海湾中。 非常普遍, 已经成功地引进了湖卡瓦胡椒， Kariba 与 Carbora bass.(参考文献 4967) 一个湖泊的鱼种, 偏爱开放水域.(参考文献 13337) 形成大群鱼群。 主要夜行并且吃浮游生物 (尤其匙指虾，也吃桡足类, 虾), 但是较大的个体吃仔鱼 Stolothrissa. 嗜食同类确实出现。 (参考文献 13337) 繁殖接近海岸整个雨季, 在五月到六月与十二月到一月但是有峰巅。 火被用来吸引鱼而且被勺形网的方法捕获.(参考文献 36900)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Breeds close to the shore during the rainy seasons, but with peaks in May/June and December/January (Ref. 188).非洲: 坦噶尼喀湖, 但是引入一些其他的湖 (基伍湖，卡裡巴湖與卡布拉巴薩水庫) 中了. 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 诱饵: usually
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00401 - 0.01308), b=3.00 (2.84 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 1.6 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K=0.86-1.2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (12 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 367 [118, 1,086] mg/100g; Iron = 4.89 [2.26, 10.19] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [17.0, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.641 [0.187, 2.294] g/100g; Selenium = 117 [37, 355] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.4 [4.2, 76.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 3.88 [2.16, 7.09] mg/100g (wet weight);
