分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Alosa: Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Mitchill.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243). 溫帶; 46°N - 25°N, 82°W - 66°W (Ref. 117467)
Western Atlantic: along the coast from Maine to the St. John's River, Florida, USA (Ref. 188). Possibly in Campobello Island, New New Brunswick, Canada (Ref. 86798).
西大西洋: 沿著海岸從緬因州到佛羅里達的聖約翰河。 也在河中。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 32.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 188); common length : 34.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 188)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 15 - 20; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 19 - 23; 脊椎骨: 53 - 55. Belly with distinct keel of scutes. Lower jaw very prominent, but not rising steeply within mouth; teeth reduced or in upper jaw absent in fishes over 23 cm standard length. A dark spot on shoulder, several obscure dark spots along flank (sometimes missing). Closely resembles A. chrysochloris which has stronger jaw teeth, no shoulder spot and the body depth less than head length (Ref. 188). Silvery, with a dark grayish green back (Ref. 7251).
腹面有鳞甲的明显龙骨脊。 下颌非常突出的, 但是不陡升在嘴里面; 齿缩小的了或者在上颌中不存在于超过 23 公分标准长度的鱼。 在肩上的一个深色斑点, 一些暗的深色斑点沿着侧面.(有时不见的) 非常近似有较强壮的颌齿没有肩斑点与体高少于头长的 A. chrysochloris 。 (参考文献 188) 银色的, 具有一个黑的浅灰色的绿色背面.(参考文献 7251)
In freshwater habitat, this species occurs in open water of large rivers (Ref. 86798). Schools of adults are found in marine waters, along the coast; also estuaries, tidal rivers and tributaries during late spring and early summer (Ref. 4639). Juveniles tend to leave nursery areas during summer (Ref. 4639). Feeds on small fishes, also squid, small crabs and other crustaceans, as well as fish eggs. Spawn in tidal freshwater (Patuxent River, Chesapeake Bay in May) (Ref. 188), and return to the sea shortly after (Ref. 4639). Parasites found are nematodes, cestodes and trematodes (Ref. 37032).
成鱼的鱼群被发现于海洋, 沿着海岸; 也在春末与初夏的时候河口，有潮汐涨落的河川与支流.(参考文献 4639) 稚鱼倾向休假繁殖场夏天时。 (参考文献 4639) 捕食小鱼，也捕食乌贼，小的螃蟹与其他的甲壳动物, 以及鱼卵。 产卵于潮汐的淡水 (Patuxent 河, 切萨皮克海湾五月时)(参考文献 188) 中, 而且回到海洋在.之后不久 (参考文献 4639) 发现的寄生虫是线虫类，条虫与吸虫。 (参考文献 37032)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 沿著海岸從緬因州到佛羅里達的聖約翰河。 也在河中。
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.4 - 25.5, mean 14 °C (based on 238 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00514 - 0.02450), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.58 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (55 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11.5 [5.3, 62.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.599 [0.251, 1.331] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [17.0, 22.3] %; Omega3 = 1.42 [0.75, 2.70] g/100g; Selenium = 12.1 [5.9, 24.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.4 [5.1, 78.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.266 [0.167, 0.456] mg/100g (wet weight);
