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Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822)

Clown knifefish
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Chitala chitala
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Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinônimos | Catalog of Fishes(Gênero, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Osteoglossiformes (Bony tongues) > Notopteridae (Featherbacks or knifefishes) > Notopterinae
Etymology: Chitala: Bangladesh local name;  chitala: From rivers of Bengal & Behar..
More on author: Hamilton.

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new combination

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

; Água doce demersal; pH range: 6.0 - 8.0; dH range: 5 - 19. Tropical; 24°C - 28°C (Ref. 2060)

Distribuição Países | Áreas da FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri

Asia: Indus, Ganges-Brahmaputra and Mahanadi river basins in India. No valid records from Irrawaddy, Salween or other river basins of Myanmar. Reports of Chitala chitala from Thailand and Indo-China were based on Chitala ornata and those from Malaysia and Indonesia on Chitala lopis.

Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: Lm 75.5  range ? - 91 cm
Max length : 122 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 4832); common length : 75.0 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 2686)

Descrição suscinta Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria

Espinhos dorsais (total) : 0; Raios dorsais (total) : 9; Espinhos anais: 0; Raios anais : 117 - 127. The only species in which subadults and adults have a series of transverse gold or silver bars on the dorsum, but this color feature is not always present (Ref. 7431). Differs from C. ornata in never having ocellated spots and from C. blanci and C. lopis in never having a black spot on the pectoral fin base (Ref. 7431).

Biologia     Glossário (p.ex. epibenthic)

Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Adults inhabit freshwater rivers, lakes, beels, nullahs in the plains (Ref. 41236), reservoirs, canals and ponds (Ref. 1479). Feed on aquatic insects, mollusks, shrimps and small fishes (Ref. 1479). Females lay eggs usually on stake or stump of wood, males fan them with tail, keep them aerated and silt-free, guard them against small catfish and other predators; complete give-away to fishermen; females not observed at egg posts; moderately important food fish (Ref. 2686). Spawn once a year during May to August (Ref. 6459).

Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas

The male tends the clutch (Ref. 2060).

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador | Colaboradores

Roberts, T.R., 1992. Systematic revision of the old world freshwater fish family Notopteridae. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 2(4):361-383. (Ref. 7431)

Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)

  Quase ameaçada (NT) ; Date assessed: 28 May 2010

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Ameaça para os humanos

  Harmless





Uso pelos humanos

Pescarias: pouco comercial; Aquacultura: espécies comerciais; peixe esportivo: sim; Aquário: Espécies comerciais
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Trophic ecology
Itens alimentares
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Predadores
Ecology
Ecologia
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Frequências de comprimento
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
Reprodução
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larvas
Dinâmica larval
Anatomy
Gill areas
Cérebros
Otólitos
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Tipo de natação
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Sons de peixes
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
Genética
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Perfis para aquacultura
Estirpes
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
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Taxonomy
Nomes comuns
Sinônimos
Morfologia
Morfometria
Fotos
References
Referências

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Fontes da internet

Estimates based on models

Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5166   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.00522 - 0.03035), b=3.05 (2.83 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278):  3.7   ±0.59 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.
Resiliência (Ref. 120179):  médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (tm=2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 72.1 [24.2, 211.9] mg/100g; Iron = 1.51 [0.55, 3.74] mg/100g; Protein = 17.4 [15.7, 19.1] %; Omega3 = 0.358 [0.132, 0.991] g/100g; Selenium = 104 [32, 279] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.1 [3.8, 70.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.686 [0.386, 1.490] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.