Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Freshwater; demersal. Temperate; 47°N - 32°N
North America: Great Lakes, Hudson Bay, and Mississippi River basins from New York in USA and Ontario in Canada to North Dakota and south to Alabama and Oklahoma in USA; isolated in southwestern Mississippi, USA; from Potomac River in Maryland to Roanoke River in North Carolina, USA; Mobile Bay drainage in USA.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 78.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5723); common length : 28.8 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 12193); max. published weight: 4.1 kg (Ref. 40637); max. reported age: 11 years (Ref. 12193)
Occurs in mud-bottomed to rock-bottomed pools, runs and riffles of creeks and small to large rivers. Occasionally found in lakes (Ref. 5723, 10294). Feeds on immature mayflies, caddisflies and midges (Ref. 10294).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: subsistence fisheries; gamefish: yes
Tools
Special reports
Download XML
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00623 - 0.01681), b=3.01 (2.87 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.39 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (tmax=11).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
