Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ökologie
seewasser demersal; tiefenbereich 1 - 100 m (Ref. 5217). Tropical; 38°N - 7°S, 98°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Virginia, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to at least northern South America.
Size / Gewicht / Alter
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 29.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 5217); common length : 20.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 5217); max. veröff. Gewicht: 10.70 g (Ref. 118626)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 2; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 35 - 36; Afterflossenstacheln: 0; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 32 - 33. Branchiostegal photophore series restricted mid-ventral, with deep U-shaped apex anteriorly; margin of soft dorsal fin membranes with black blotches, black margin intermittent (Ref. 13608).
Inhabits mud or sand bottoms (Ref. 5217). Most common on rather shallow offshore banks, such as commercial shrimp grounds; less common inshore.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Fortpflanzung | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: weniger kommerziell
Tools
Zusatzinformationen
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Internet Quellen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.2 - 27.9, mean 26 °C (based on 484 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00525 (0.00234 - 0.01177), b=3.16 (2.98 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (19 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 155 [83, 295] mg/100g; Iron = 1.13 [0.65, 1.94] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [16.2, 18.4] %; Omega3 = 0.207 [0.106, 0.406] g/100g; Selenium = 53.1 [25.2, 128.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 52.6 [17.5, 159.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1 [1, 1] mg/100g (wet weight);