分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cyprinodontiformes (Rivulines, killifishes and live bearers) >
Poeciliidae (Poeciliids) > Poeciliinae
Etymology: Xiphophorus: Greek, xiphos = sword + Greek, pherein = to carry (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Karl Bartholomäus Heller (1824–1880) was an Austrian botanist and naturalist who explored in Mexico (1845–1848 and again in 1850) and yet again as a member of the (1864) scientific mission instituted by Napoleon III during which he mapped the state [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Heckel.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; pH range: 7.0 - 8.0; dH range: 9 - 19; 非迁移的. 熱帶; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 52054); 26°N - 12°N
North and Central America: Rio Nantla, Veracruz in Mexico to northwestern Honduras. Africa: Feral populations reported from Natal and eastern Transvaal as well as in Lake Otjikoto, Namibia (Ref. 7248). Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
中美洲與北美洲: Rio Nantla, 在墨西哥到的非拉克斯州在西北部的宏都拉斯。 非洲: 野生的族群納塔爾與南非德蘭士瓦東部記錄自了以及在湖 Otjikoto ，那米比亞中.(參考文獻 7248) 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 14.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 26130); 16.0 cm TL (female); common length : 2.8 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 11 - 14; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 8 - 10. This species is distinguished by having a medium to large swordtail with a long straight caudal appendage; midlateral stripe may be dusky or brownish (northern populations) or red; 2 additional reddish stripes may be present above midlateral line and one beneath; terminal segment of gonopodial ray 3 produced into a crescent-shaped hook and blade pointed distally; ray 4a curves strongly backward over the blade at an angle greater than 90°; distal serrae of ray 4p reduced in size and number and proximal serrae rather slender; terminal segment of ray 5a produced into a claw, several times larger than the distal serrae of ray 4p (Ref. 52914).
身体延长; 头部尖的。 有许多色彩形式由于非常广泛的自然栖息地。 对于绿色的刀剑状的尾部，底色是橄榄色灰色; 鳞片列沿着身体的中央是绿色到蓝色; 腹面是白色的，而且在所有的族群 (地区的表格) 的侧面上有一条淡红色, 暗红色或褐色纵向的线。 在一些变种中, 能有一或二个附加的联机方与一或二在这一条线之下。 在几乎所有的族群，背鳍有红色的斑点或斑纹。 这一个颜色也能在尾鳍中出现。 雄性的剑是鲜黄色的而且更宽广边缘在腹面黑色的超过上方。 年老的鱼 (3 到 4 岁) 能有一个来自尾鳍一路到的完全黑色的剑剑的顶端。
Adults are found mainly in rapidly flowing streams and rivers, preferring heavily vegetated habitats (Ref. 26130). They occur in warm springs and their effluents, weedy canals and ponds (Ref. 5723). They feed on worms, crustaceans, insects and plant matter (Ref. 7020). Used for genetics research (Ref. 4537). Especially the red varieties are very popular aquarium fishes (Ref. 1672). Aquarium keeping: the males aggressive towards each other; minimum aquarium size 80 cm (Ref. 51539).
主要发现于快速流动的溪流与河川了, 偏爱长满植物的栖息地。 (参考文献 26130) 出现于温暖的泉水与其溢流, 杂草丛生的管与池塘。 (参考文献 5723) 吃蠕虫，甲壳动物，昆虫与植物。 (参考文献 7020) 用来了遗传学研究。 (参考文献 4537) 红色的变种是非常受欢迎的观赏鱼尤其。 (参考文献 1672) 水族馆保持: 雄性对彼此具有侵略性; 水族馆最小体型 80 公分.(参考文献 51539)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Female produces 20 to 200 young after a gestation period of 24 to 30 days. Attains sexual maturity after eight to twelve months (Ref. 26130). This species has a tendency to undergo sex reversal (from female to male) under certain environmental conditions (Ref. 6465).中美洲與北美洲: Rio Nantla, 在墨西哥到的非拉克斯州在西北部的宏都拉斯。 非洲: 野生的族群納塔爾與南非德蘭士瓦東部記錄自了以及在湖 Otjikoto ，那米比亞中.(參考文獻 7248) 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
Wischnath, L., 1993. Atlas of livebearers of the world. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., United States of America. 336 p. (Ref. 26130)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 水族馆: 高经济性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00977 (0.00589 - 0.01620), b=3.06 (2.93 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.43 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (tm<1; Fec=20-200 * 12).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
