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Molva molva (Linnaeus, 1758)

Ling
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Molva molva   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Molva molva (Ling)
Molva molva
Picture by Svensen, E.

klasifikasi / Names Nama-nama umum | Sinonim (persamaan) | Catalog of Fishes(Marga, Jenis) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Gadiformes (Cods) > Lotidae (Hakes and burbots)
Etymology: More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

laut dasar (demersal); oceanodromus (Ref. 51243); kisaran kedalaman 100 - 1000 m (Ref. 35388), usually 100 - 400 m (Ref. 35388). Temperate; 75°N - 35°N, 55°W - 44°E (Ref. 54595)

Penyebaran Negara-negara | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ecosystems | Kemunculan | Point map | Introduksi | Faunafri

Northwest Atlantic: off southern Greenland and Canada. Northeast Atlantic: Barents Sea and Iceland to Morocco. Mediterranean Sea: northwestern Mediterranean only.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur

Maturity: Lm 92.5, range 90 - 100 cm
Max length : 200 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 1371); common length : 106 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 1371); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 45.0 kg (Ref. 35388); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 25 Tahun (Ref. 35388)

deskripsi pendek Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik

Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 0; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 75 - 83; Sirip dubur lunak: 58 - 64; vertebrata, bertulang belakang: 63 - 65. Upper jaw projecting beyond lower one. Color is reddish brown dorsally, grading to white ventrally. The posterior areas of the vertical fins dark with pale margins. The sides distinctly marbled (Ref. 232). Barbel is present in the chin, longer than the diameter of the eye. Black spot in the rear end of the first dorsal fin. Caudal peduncle stout compared to blue ling (Ref. 35388).

Biologi     Daftar kata (contoh epibenthic)

Occurs mainly on rocky bottoms in fairly deep water (Ref. 9988). Found more commonly from 100 to 400 m. Feeds on fish (cod, herring, flatfish), lobsters, cephalopods and starfishes. Principal spawning areas are Biscay, slopes west of the British Isles and off the Faeroes and southern Iceland (Ref. 35388). Marketed fresh, dried or salted and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva

Major spawning grounds are located at 200 m depth from the Bay of Biscay to the Gulf of Norway at 100 to 300 m off southern Iceland, and at 50 to 300 m in the Mediterranean Sea. Fecundity may reach 20 to 60 million eggs per female (Ref. 1371).

rujukan utama Upload your references | Acuan | Koordinator | mitra

Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)

Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)


CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

ancaman kepada manusia

  Harmless





penggunaan manusia

Perikanan: bernilai komersial tinggi; Ikan buruan: ya
FAO - Perikanan: landings, profail spesis; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Sea Around Us

informasi lanjut

Trophic ecology
Bahan makanan
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Pemangsa
Ecology
Ekologi
Life cycle
Reproduksi, perkembang biakan
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larva
Dinamika larva
Distribution
Negara-negara
Daerah-daerah FAO
Ecosystems
Kemunculan
Introduksi
BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
Gill areas
Otak
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Suara-suara ikan
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
Genetika
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
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Strain
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References
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Alat, peralatan

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Sumber internet

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | semak peneliti ikan | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Marga, Jenis | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Perikanan: landings, profail spesis; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genom, Nukleotida | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Pangkalan data nasional | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Akuarium publik | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: pergi, Cari | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 4.6 - 11.3, mean 7.7 °C (based on 438 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.6250   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00241 - 0.00628), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  4.4   ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Daya lenting (Ref. 120179):  sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K=0.12; tm=5-6; tmax=25; Fec=60 million).
Prior r = 0.55, 95% CL = 0.36 - 0.82, Based on 9 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (77 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
kategori harga (Ref. 80766):   Low.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 15.2 [7.4, 33.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.278 [0.140, 0.600] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.9, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.368 [0.197, 0.685] g/100g; Selenium = 32.5 [16.9, 66.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.35 [2.10, 31.25] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.28 [0.18, 0.44] mg/100g (wet weight);